Vloga medicinske sestre pri intravenskem trombolitičnem zdravljenju akutne ishemične možganske kapi : diplomsko delo

Ramić, Amanda (author), Prestor, Jože (mentor), Ibričić, Ervin (comentor), Matić, Lucija (reviewer)

Uvod: Možganska kap postaja vse večji svetovni zdravstveni problem. Trenutno velja intravenska tromboliza z zdravilom rtPA za standardno zdravljenje pacientov z akutno ishemično možgansko kapjo, če se lahko začne znotraj 4,5 ure po pojavu simptomov. Medicinske sestre imajo pri tej bolezni ključno vlogo, saj njihovo delo pomembno vpliva na kakovost zdravstvene oskrbe in izide zdravljenja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom literature raziskati vlogo medicinskih sester pri akutni oskrbi pacientov z akutno ishemično možgansko kapjo, s poudarkom na pomenu njihovega prispevka k prepoznavanju simptomov, izvajanju intravenske trombolize ter zagotavljanju celostne obravnave pacientov, hkrati pa predstaviti ključne kompetence in izzive medicinskih sester ter proučiti dejavnike, ki vplivajo na kakovost in uspešnost njihovega dela pri zdravljenju akutne ishemične možganske kapi. Metode dela: Pri izdelavi diplomskega dela je bila uporabljena deskriptivna metoda s pregledom literature. Literatura je bila iskana v različnih podatkovnih bazah. Časovni okvir literature, prikazane v tabeli, zajema obdobje od leta 2014 do 2024. Pri iskanju literature so bili uporabljeni angleške ključne besede in iskalni nizi. V celotnem diplomskem delu je bilo uporabljenih 40 virov. Rezultati: Medicinske sestre pri akutni ishemični možganski kapi izvajajo triažo in oceno simptomov, zagotavljajo pravočasno obveščanje pacientov in svojcev, sodelujejo pri izvajanju diagnostično-terapevtskih postopkov, spremljajo vitalne funkcije, spremljajo spremembe v nevrološkem statusu, zagotavljajo ustrezno zdravstveno nego ter koordinirajo komunikacijo med strokovnjaki in pacienti, s čimer prispevajo k uspešnosti zdravljenja in boljšim izidom. Razprava in zaključek: Medicinske sestre imajo ključno vlogo pri hitrem prepoznavanju znakov in zapletov, triaži, spremljanju vitalnih in nevroloških funkcij ter izvajanju nujnih ukrepov pri akutni ishemični možganski kapi. Zaradi tega je nujno zagotoviti njihovo usposabljanje skozi modularno izobraževanje, ki zajema osnove nevrologije, intravensko trombolizo in rehabilitacijo, ter stalno nadgradnjo znanja. Usposabljanje izboljšuje sodelovanje in kakovost oskrbe, kar vpliva na boljše rezultate zdravljenja. Poleg tega je pomembno vključevanje svojcev in širše javnosti, državne podpore ter sistemske optimizacije učnih aktivnosti, kar bi prispevalo k učinkovitemu zdravstvenemu sistemu in preprečitvi dodatnih stroškov.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, invalidnost, urgentna stanja, akutna oskrba, cerebrovaskularna bolezen
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Ramić]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 31 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175251
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 254377987
• Publication date in RUL: 23.10.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The role of a nurse in intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute ischemic stroke : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke is becoming an increasingly significant global health issue. At present, intravenous thrombolysis with rtPA is considered the standard treatment for patients with acute ischaemic stroke, provided it is initiated within 4.5 hours of symptom onset. Nurses play a crucial role in managing this condition, as their work significantly influences the quality of care and treatment outcomes. Aim: The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the role of nurses in the acute care of patients with acute ischaemic stroke through a review of the literature, focusing on their contribution to symptom recognition, the administration of IVT, and the provision of holistic patient care. The thesis also aims to present key nursing competencies and challenges, and to examine the factors affecting the quality and effectiveness of nurses’ work in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Methods: A descriptive method with a literature review was used in the preparation of the diploma thesis. Literature was searched across various databases. The selected time frame for the sources in the table spans from 2014 to 2024. Relevant English keywords and search strings were used to identify appropriate sources. A total of 40 sources were included in the thesis. Results: Nurses at acute ischaemic stroke perform rapid triage and symptom assessment, ensure timely notification of patients and relatives, participate in the implementation of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, monitor vital functions, control neurological status, provide appropriate health care and coordinate communication between specialists and patients, thereby contributing to the success of treatment and better outcomes. Discussion and conclusion: Nurses play a key role in the rapid recognition of signs and complications, triage, monitoring vital and neurological functions and implementing emergency measures at acute ischaemic stroke. For this reason, it is essential to ensure their training through modular education, which covers the basics of neurology, intravenous thrombolysis and rehabilitation, and continuous upgrading of knowledge. Training improves cooperation and quality of care, which affects better treatment outcomes. In addition, the involvement of relatives and the wider public, state support and systemic optimization of learning activities are important, which would contribute to an efficient healthcare system and the prevention of additional costs.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, disability, emergency situations, acute care, cerebrovascular disease