Uporaba 3D-tiska za izdelavo ortopedskih vložkov : diplomsko delo

Dedić, Amra (author), Ficzko, Jelena (mentor), Muršec, Aljaž (comentor), Lampe, Tomaž (reviewer)

Uvod: Ortopedski vložki se uporabljajo za lajšanje bolečin in preprečevanje deformacij stopal, saj vplivajo na biomehaniko stopala in prerazporedijo plantarno obremenitev. Tradicionalna proizvodnja ortopedskih vložkov vključuje časovno zahtevne postopke, ki ustvarjajo odpadke in predstavljajo visok materialni strošek. Napredne tehnologije, kot je 3D-tisk, omogočajo učinkovitejšo proizvodnjo, saj se materiali nalagajo sloj za slojem, kar zmanjša količino odpadkov in zniža stroške. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je s pregledom strokovne in znanstvene literature preučiti uporabo 3D-tehnologij in 3D-tiska pri izdelavi ortopedskih vložkov. Cilji diplomske naloge so poiskati specializirano programsko opremo za izdelavo vložkov, če ta obstaja, ugotoviti, kakšni 3D-tiskalniki se uporabljajo za izdelavo ortopedskih vložkov, poiskati materiale, ki se uporabljajo za 3D-tisk ortopedskih vložkov ter preučiti regulativo in standarde za 3D natisnjene vložke. Metode dela: Opravili smo pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature na temo izdelave ortopedskih vložkov. Literaturo smo iskali v bibliografskih podatkovnih zbirkah Medline in ScienceDirect, uporabili pa smo iskalnike po bibliografskih zapisih PubMed in Google Učenjak. Vključili smo literaturo, izdano v obdobju od leta 2015 do leta 2025, ki je bila prosto dostopna in recenzirana. Izključili smo vire, ki niso obravnavali izdelave ortopedskih vložkov s 3D-tiskom. Rezultati: Pri pregledu literature je bilo uporabljenih 26 člankov, vsi izbrani članki so kvalitativno opisovali obravnavano področje. Raziskave, ki smo jih pregledali, so v večjem delu opisovale področje 3D-tiska, v samo 10 člankih so bile predstavljene raziskave, ki so obravnavale 3D-tiskanje ortopedskih vložkov. Razprava in zaključek: Uporaba programske opreme v kombinaciji s 3D-tiskanjem predstavlja pomemben napredek pri izdelavi vložkov, saj omogoča večjo natančnost, avtomatizacijo in hitrejšo izdelavo po meri narejenih vložkov. Med tehnologijami 3D-tiskanja sta najpogosteje uporabljeni modeliranje s spajanjem slojev zaradi nizkih stroškov in dostopnosti ter selektivno lasersko sintranje za kompleksnejše ortopedske vložke. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da ima termoplastični poliuretan zaradi svoje elastičnosti in trpežnosti najboljše lastnosti za vložke. Kljub številnim prednostim, kot so zmanjšana poraba materiala, fleksibilnost in okoljska učinkovitost, ostajajo izzivi, povezani z mehanskimi omejitvami materialov, stroški opreme in recikliranjem odpadkov. Ključne besede: CAD, 3D tiskani vložki, materiali za 3D tiskane vložke, G-koda, aditivna proizvodnja

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, CAD, 3D tiskani vložki, materiali za 3D tiskane vložke, G-koda, aditivna proizvodnja
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [A. Dedić]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 31 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175137
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 253685251
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The use of 3D-printing for creating orthopedic insoles : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Orthotic insoles are used to relieve pain and prevent foot deformities by influencing the biomechanics of the foot and redistributing plantar load. Traditional production of orthopaedic insoles involves time-consuming processes that generate waste and high material cost. Advanced technologies such as 3D printing allow for more efficient production by depositing material layer by layer, reducing waste and costs. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to identify the use of 3D technologies and 3D printing in the production of insoles by reviewing the professional and scientific literature. The objectives of the thesis are to find specialized software, if any, for the production of insoles, to identify what 3D printers are used for the production of orthopaedic insoles, to find materials used for 3D printing of orthopaedic insoles, and to identify the regulation and standards for 3D printed insoles. Methods: The literature was searched in the bibliographic databases Medline and ScienceDirect, and the bibliographic record search engines PubMed and Google Scholar were used. We included literature published between 2015 and 2025 that was freely available and peer-reviewed. We excluded sources that did not address the fabrication of orthopaedic insoles using 3D printing. Results: 26 articles were used in the literature review, all of them qualitatively describing the field. The majority of the studies reviewed described the field of 3D printing, with very few articles presenting research on 3D printing of orthopaedic insoles. Discussion and conclusion: The use of software in combination with 3D-printing represents a significant advance in the production of insoles, as it allows for greater precision, automation and faster production of customised insoles. Among 3D-printing technologies, layer fusion modelling is the most commonly used due to its low cost and accessibility, and selective laser sintering for more complex orthopaedic insoles. Thermoplastic polyurethane has been found to have the best properties for insoles due to its elasticity and durability. Despite many advantages such as reduced material consumption, flexibility and environmental performance, challenges remain related to the mechanical limitations of the materials, equipment costs and waste recycling. Keywords: CAD, 3D printed inserts, materials for 3D printed inserts, g-code, additive manufacturing.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, CAD, 3D printed inserts, materials for 3D printed inserts, g-code, additive manufacturing