Poznavanje ionizirajočega sevanja in njegovih škodljivih učinkov pri učencih v osnovni šoli : magistrsko delo

Kožuh, Rebeka (author), Hlebec, Valentina (mentor), Starc, Tina (comentor), Filipovič Hrast, Maša (reviewer)

Uvod: Čeprav se morda ne zavedamo, je ionizirajoče sevanje del našega vsakdana, znanje o njegovih virih, učinkih in tveganjih pa je v splošni populaciji še posebej med mladimi pogosto pomanjkljivo. Z njim se običajno srečajo le ob medicinskih preiskavah, ne zavedajo pa se pomena naravnih virov sevanja npr. radon, kozmično sevanje, radioaktivnost prisotna v hrani in drugi. Namen: Namen naše raziskave je bil ugotoviti, kako dobro učenci v osnovni šoli poznajo ionizirajoče sevanje in tveganja ter njegove škodljive učinke. Preveriti smo želeli tudi, kakšen vpliv ima enkratno predavanje na raven njihovega znanja. Metode dela: Izvedli smo kvantitativno raziskavo z anketnim vprašalnikom, ki so ga reševali učenci 9. razreda OŠ Ivana Groharja. Anketo so rešili dvakrat, prvič takoj po predavanju o ionizirajočem sevanju in nato še čez en mesec. Rezultate smo analizirali s programom SPSS, kjer smo podali opisno statistiko in rezultate statističnih testov (T-test, kontingenčne tabele). Rezultati: Učenci so izkazali relativno nizko stopnjo poznavanja ionizirajočega sevanja, v anketi so se pogosto odločali za nevtralne odgovore, kar kaže na njihovo negotovost v svoje znanje. Po predavanju so si bolje zapomnili zanimivejše primere oz. situacije, v katerih so se že znašli (npr. sevanje v Postojnski jami), vendar se je del znanja po enem mesecu izgubil. Statistično značilne razlike, ki smo jih opazili pri nekaterih trditvah, so potrdile, da izobraževanje ima učinek na znanje, pomembno pa je, da se informacije večkrat ponovijo in s tem zagotovi tudi dolgoročno izboljšanje znanja. Razprava in zaključek: Rezultati so pokazali, da je poznavanje ionizirajočega sevanja med učenci slabo, kar smo glede na ostale že izvedene raziskave tudi pričakovali. To lahko vodi tudi do strahu pred radiološkimi preiskavami oz. strahu pred visoko izpostavljenostjo sevanju. Izobraževanje sicer znanje izboljša, vendar brez rednega obnavljanja in ponavljanja dejstev učenci nove informacije hitro pozabijo. Ugotovili smo, da bi bilo potrebno temo ionizirajočega sevanja in njegovih učinkov podrobneje vključiti v izobraževalni proces in jo učencem predstaviti na dostopen in zanimiv način.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: magistrska dela, radiološka tehnologija, ionizirajoče sevanje, osnovnošolci, znanje, ozaveščenost, izobraževanje
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [R. Kožuh]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 59 str., [14] str. pril.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-175121
• UDC: 616-07
• COBISS.SI-ID: 253579011
• Publication date in RUL: 17.10.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Knowledge of ionizing radiation and its harmful effects among primary school students : master thesis

Abstract

Introduction: Although we may not be aware of it, ionizing radiation is part of our everyday lives, and knowledge about its sources, effects and risks is often lacking in the general population, especially among young people. They usually encounter it only during medical examinations, and they are not aware of the importance of natural sources of radiation, e.g. radon, cosmic radiation, radioactivity present in food and others. Purpose: The purpose of our research was to determine how well elementary school students know about ionizing radiation and its risks and harmful effects. We also wanted to check what impact a single lecture has on the level of their knowledge. Methods: We conducted a quantitative study with a survey questionnaire, which was completed by 9th grade students at Ivan Grohar Elementary School. The survey was completed twice, the first time immediately after the lecture on ionizing radiation and then a month later. The results were analyzed using the SPSS program, where we provided descriptive statistics and the results of statistical tests (T-test, contingency tables). Results: Students demonstrated a relatively low level of knowledge of ionizing radiation, in the survey. They often chose neutral answers, which indicates their uncertainty in their knowledge. After the lecture, they remembered more interesting cases or situations in which they had already found themselves (e.g. radiation in Postojna Cave), but part of the knowledge was lost after one month. Statistically significant differences were observed in some statements, which confirms that education has a short-term effect on knowledge, so it is important that information is repeated several times and thus also ensures long-term improvement of knowledge. Discussion and conclusion: The results showed that the level of knowledge of ionizing radiation among students is low, which was also expected considering other research already conducted. This can lead to an irrational fear of radiological examinations. Education does improve knowledge, but without regular updating and repetition of facts, students quickly forget information. We found that the topic of ionizing radiation and its effects should be included in more detail in the educational process and presented to students in an accessible and interesting way.

• Keywords: master's theses, radiologic technology, ionizing radiation, elementary school students, knowledge, awareness, education