Študija parametrov adsorpcije in odstranjevanja kadmija z glivo Ganoderma lucidum iz onesnaženih vod : magistrsko delo

Kralj, Tia (author), Gregori, Andrej (mentor), Slapničar, Miha (comentor)

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) je zdravilna gliva, znana po svojih potencialnih zdravilnih lastnostih, prav tako pa kaže obetavne možnosti pri odstranjevanju težkih kovin iz vodnih raztopin. Količina težkih kovin, sproščenih v okolje, nenehno narašča in predstavlja veliko nevarnost za zdravje ljudi in naravno okolje, zato je potrebno najti učinkovite metode za njihovo odstranitev. Cilj magistrske naloge je bil optimizacija fizikalnih parametrov adsorpcije pri odstranjevanju kadmijevih ionov iz vodnih raztopin s posušeno in zmleto glivo G. lucidum. Učinkovitost adsorpcije sem preverjala s pomočjo atomske adsorpcijske spektrometrije (AAS), vsebnost težkih kovin v glivi pa s pomočjo masnega spektrometra z induktivno sklopljeno plazmo (ICP-MS). Za določitev morfologije glivnega materiala je bila uporabljena vrstična elektronska mikroskopija (SEM). Optimizacija metode je bila izvedena enofaktorsko in dvofaktorsko. Vsak fizikalni parameter, ki sem ga preverjala, sem optimizirala v samostojni seriji eksperimentov. Nekatere optimizirane parametre sem nato uporabila pri nadaljnjih eksperimentih. Uspešnosti adsorpcije sem ovrednotila glede na delež adsorpcije kadmijevih ionov na glivno biomaso v raztopini. Izvedla sem 56 serij eksperimentov, pri čemer sem proučevala vplive: i) časa na adsorpcijo, ii) količine glivne biomase, iii) hitrosti mešanja, iv) velikosti delcev glivne biomase, v) vrste filtra pri filtraciji raztopin, vi) zaporedne adsorpcije, kot tudi vii) načina predobdelave glivne biomase idr. Eksperimente sem izvedla v šaržnem in kolonskem sistemu. Z uporabo optimalnih parametrov se je učinkovitost odstranjevanja kadmijevih ionov povečala z 41,2 % na 99,8 %. Analiza različnih adsorpcijskih izoterm adsorpcija kadmijevih ionov na glivo G. lucidum je pokazala dobro ujemanje s Freundlichovo adsorpcijsko izotermo (R2 > 0,96). Izvedena študija adsorpcijske kinetike kaže površinsko heterogenost in eksponentno porazdelitev aktivnih mest. Ugotovljeno je bilo tudi, da model psevdo-drugega reda ustreza eksperimentalnim podatkom in predpostavlja kemisorpcijo kot prevladujoči mehanizem za omejevanje hitrosti procesa.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Težke kovine, biosorpcija, mikoremediacija, težke kovine, Ganoderma lucidum, optimizacija procesa, AAS
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: PEF - Faculty of Education
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: T. Kralj
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 85 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174420
• UDC: 549.25(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 251604227
• Publication date in RUL: 02.10.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Study of adsorption parameters and cadmium removal from contaminated waters using the fungus ganoderma lucidum

Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a medicinal fungus known for its potential therapeutic properties, and it has also shown promising opportunities in the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The continuous increase in the release of heavy metals into the environment poses a significant threat to human health and natural ecosystems, necessitating the development of effective remediation methods. The aim of this master's thesis was to optimize the physical parameters of cadmium ion adsorption from aqueous solutions using powdered G. lucidum biomass. Adsorption efficiency was evaluated using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), while the heavy metal content in the fungal biomass was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The morphology of the fungal material was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optimization was carried out using both single-factor and two-factor experimental designs. Each physical parameter was investigated through independent series of experiments, and selected optimized conditions were subsequently applied in further experiments. Adsorption performance was evaluated based on the percentage of cadmium ions removed from solution by the fungal biomass. In total, 56 experimental series were conducted, assessing the influence of parameters such as i) contact time, ii) biomass weight, iii) stirring speed, iv) fungal biomass particle size, v) filtration method, vi) sequential adsorption cycles, and vii) biomass pretreatment techniques. Experiments were performed in both batch and column systems. Using optimized parameters, the cadmium ion removal efficiency increased from 41.2% to 99.8%. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that cadmium ion adsorption onto G. lucidum biomass followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2 > 0.96), suggesting surface heterogeneity and exponential distribution of active binding sites. Furthermore, adsorption kinetics data fitted well to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, indicating chemisorption as the rate-limiting step of the adsorption process.

• Keywords: biosorption, mycoremediation, heavy metals, Ganoderma lucidum, process optimization, AAS