Značilnosti rabe travinja na treh govedorejskih kmetijah na južnem delu parka Pivška presihajoča jezera

Rebec, Tina (author), Vidrih, Matej (mentor)

Junija 2025 smo na travniških površinah južnega dela Krajinskega parka Pivška presihajoča jezera izvedli raziskavo, s katero smo želeli ovrednotiti količino in kakovost krme kraških travnikov na treh govedorejskih kmetijah (Penko, Česnik, Živec), pridobiti podatke o zemljiščih, živalih ter KOPOP ukrepih na travinju in o založenosti tal s hranili. Kmetije upravljajo s 79,2 ha (Penko), 20,9 ha (Česnik) in 17,8 ha (Živec) travinja, na katerih imajo vpisanih od 5 do 7 različnih naravovarstvenih ukrepov. Na vsaki kmetiji smo izbrali pet parcel, na katerih poteka zgolj košnja in na njih izvedli vzorčenje zelinja. Izbranih parcel kmetje ne gnojijo, izjema je parcela 1 kmetije Živec, ki jo spomladi pognojijo s hlevskim gnojem. Travno rušo na kmetiji Česnik kosijo enkrat letno, na ostalih dveh kmetijah z izjemo parcele 1 kmetije Penko kosijo dvakrat letno. Povprečni pridelek suhega zelinja je na kmetiji Penko znašal 13,3 t/ha, na kmetiji Česnik 13,6 t/ha in na kmetiji Živec 13,7 t/ha. Najvišja povprečna vsebnost surovih beljakovin (SB) je na kmetiji Penko znašala 91 g SB/kg SS (razpon 67 g do 128 g/kg SS), sledita kmetija Živec s 87 g SB/kg SS (razpon 75 g do 108 g/kg SS) in kmetija Česnik s 79 g SB/kg SS (razpon 70 g do 95 g/kg SS). Povprečna vsebnost surovih vlaknin (SVI) je bila najvišja na kmetiji Česnik, znašala je 352 g SVI/kg SS (razpon 340 g do 369 g/kg SS), posledično je bila najnižja tudi neto energija za laktacijo (NEL) in sicer 4,68 MJ/kg SS (razpon 4,53 g do 4,98 g/kg SS). Na kmetiji Penko je bila povprečna vsebnost surovih vlaknin 345 g SVI/kg SS (razpon 305 g do 374 g/kg SS) in NEL 4,92 MJ/kg SS (razpon 4,64 do 5,31 g/kg SS), na kmetiji Živec pa 316 g SVI/kg SS (razpon 267 g do 351 g/kg SS) in NEL 5,28 MJ/kg SS (razpon 4,98 g do 5,72 g/kg SS).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: travinje, kmetija, park, košnja, pridelek, kakovost
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-174296
• COBISS.SI-ID: 252075267
• Publication date in RUL: 01.10.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Characteristics of grassland use on three cattle farms in the southern part of the Pivka Intermittent Lakes Park

Abstract

In June 2025, we conducted a survey on the grasslands of the southern part of the Pivška Intermittent Lakes Park, with the aim of evaluating the quantity and quality of fodder from karst meadows on three cattle farms (Penko, Česnik, Živec), obtaining data on land, animals, KOPOP measures on grassland and soil nutrient supply. The farms manage 79.2 ha (Penko), 20.9 ha (Česnik) and 17.8 ha (Živec) of grassland, on which they have 5 to 7 different nature conservation measures applied. On each farm, we selected five plots on which only mowing takes place and carried out herbage sampling. The farmers do not fertilize the selected plots, with the exception of plot 1 of the Živec farm, which is fertilized with manure in the spring. The grassland on the Česnik farm is mowed once a year, and on the other two farms, with the exception of plot 1 of the Penko farm, it is mowed twice a year. The average yield of herbage was 13.3 t/ha on the Penko farm, 13.6 t/ha on the Česnik farm and 13.7 t/ha on the Živec farm. The highest average crude protein (CP) content was on the Penko farm, amounting to 91 g CP/kg DM (range 67 g to 128 g/kg DM), followed by the Živec farm with 87 g CP/kg DM (range 75 g to 108 g/kg DM) and the Česnik farm with 79 g CP/kg DM (range 70 g to 95 g/kg DM). The average crude fiber (SVI) content was highest on the Česnik farm, amounting to 352 g SVI/kg DM (range 340 g to 369 g/kg DM), and consequently the net energy for lactation (NEL) was also the lowest, namely 4.68 MJ/kg DM (range 4.53 g to 4.98 g/kg DM). On the Penko farm, the average crude fiber content was 345 g SVI/kg DM (range 305 g to 374 g/kg DM) and NEL 4.92 MJ/kg DM (range 4.64 to 5.31 g/kg DM), and on the Živec farm it was 316 g SVI/kg DM (range 267 g to 351 g/kg DM) and NEL 5.28 MJ/kg DM (range 4.98 g to 5.72 g/kg DM).

• Keywords: grassland, farm, park, mowing, herbage yield, nutritive value