Introduction: Injuries to the shoulder joint are very common. One such injury is traumatic anterior shoulder dislocation. Recurrent anterior shoulder dislocation is also frequently observed. Certain risk factors may help predict the likelihood of recurrence. It is important to identify these factors and understand their impact on the failure of conservative treatment. This would facilitate more informed decisions regarding the appropriate treatment approach for each individual. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to review the literature in order to identify the risk factors that influence the recurrence of anterior shoulder dislocation. Additionally, we aim to determine which of these factors has the greatest impact on the likelihood of recurrence. By analyzing these risk factors, we seek to define when conservative treatment is appropriate and when surgical intervention may be more suitable. Methods: A total of 17 studies were included in a detailed literature review. The studies were searched in the PubMed database. All studies were retrieved in English using the keyword phrase “risk of recurrence AND anterior shoulder dislocation.” Results: The most significant factor influencing the failure of conservative treatment for anterior shoulder dislocation is age under 30 years. Another strong risk factor is the time since the last dislocation, as the vast majority of subjects experience recurrence within the first two years after the initial dislocation. Other risk factors—such as gender, tissue injury at the time of the first dislocation, general hypermobility, occupation, sport, and level of athletic activity—have less significant impact on recurrence. Discussion and conclusion: The recurrence of dislocation is primarily influenced by age under 30. When selecting the most appropriate treatment, it is essential to consider the interconnectedness of various risk factors holistically. A review of the literature indicates that the combination of age under 30, dislocation within the past two years, generalized joint hypermobility, tissue damage following the initial dislocation, and engagement in sports represents the strongest predictor of conservative treatment failure.
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