Vpliv različnih agrotehničnih ukrepov na agronomske lastnosti industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa) sorte Fiona

Sitar, Max Lenart (author), Flajšman, Marko (mentor)

V diplomskem delu smo preverjali vpliv treh različnih agrotehničnih ukrepov na morfološke, agronomske in biokemične lastnosti prve slovenske sorte industrijske konoplje 'Fiona', vpisane na sortno listo leta 2021. Namen je bil med drugim ugotoviti, kateri ukrepi imajo največji vpliv na pridelek plodov in stebel konoplje. Poskus je potekal v letu 2024 v obdobju od konca aprila do konca septembra v okolici Krškega, na njivi površine 2 ha. Seme je bilo sejano v količini 30 kg/ha ob dveh različnih rokih setve (konec aprila in proti koncu maja). Njiva je bila pred setvijo pognojena s 500 kg/ha NPK gnojila (6-12-14). Pri obravnavanju, kjer smo preverjali vpliv dognojevanja z dušikom, smo naknadno v fazi treh parnih listov dognojili s 50 kg/ha dušika (185 kg/ha KAN gnojila). Pri rastlinah prvega roka setve smo izvedli ukrep vršičkanja rastlin na dveh višinah 1 m in 1,2 m. Rastline drugega roka setve smo vršičkali na višini 1 m. Ob žetvi smo beležili višino celih rastlin, premer stebla, višino do mesta razrasti pri vršičkanih rastlinah, dolžino soplodij ter maso svežih stebel. Stebla in vršičke smo posušili ter ločili plodove in suho biomaso. Plodovom in steblom smo izmerili suho maso, biomasi pa smo določali odstotek vsebnosti kanabinoidov CBD in THC z metodo plinske kromatografije. Plodovom smo določili vsebnost beljakovin in maščob. Rezultati kažejo, da je za semensko pridelavo konoplje sorte 'Fiona' rok setve pomemben ukrep, rastline drugega roka setve so dosegle 340 kg/ha večji pridelek semena kot rastline prvega roka setve. Dognojevanje z dušikom se je izkazalo za dober ukrep, dognojene rastline so dosegle za skoraj 2 t/ha večji pridelek suhih stebel in za 217 kg/ha večji pridelek plodov kot nedognojene rastline. Vršičkanje rastlin je močno vplivalo na končno višino rastlin, in sicer so bile nevršičkane rastline lahko tudi do 1 m višje od vršičkanih rastlin. Biokemični rezultati so bili manj raznoliki kot morfološki rezultati. Hranilna vrednost semena se je izkazala kot visoka, s povprečno vsebnostjo 23,43 % beljakovin in 31,94 % maščob. Vsebnost CBD v suhi biomasi po žetvi se je gibala okoli 1,3 %.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: industrijska konoplja, morfološke značilnosti, biokemične lastnosti, agrotehnika, Cannabis sativa
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173917
• COBISS.SI-ID: 250550019
• Publication date in RUL: 25.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Influence of different agrotechnical measures on the agronomic characteristics of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) cultivar Fiona

Abstract

In this thesis, the influence of three agronomic practises on the morphological, agronomic, and biochemical properties of the first Slovenian hemp variety (Cannabis sativa L.) ‘Fiona’, officially registered in the national variety list in 2021, was tested. The main goal was to find out which methods have the greatest impact on seed and stem yield. The field trial was carried out in 2024, from the end of April to the end of September, near Krško, on a 2-hectare field. The seeds were sown at two sowing dates (end of April and end of May) at a rate of 30 kg/ha. Before sowing, the field was fertilised with 500 kg/ha of NPK fertiliser (6-12-14). In the treatment investigating the effect of additional nitrogen fertilisation, an additional 50 kg/ha of nitrogen (185 kg/ha NPK fertiliser) was applied at the three-pair leaf stage. In addition, a topping treatment was applied for plants sown on the first date at a plant height of 1.0 m and 1.2 m. Plants from the second sowing date were topped at a height of 1 m. At harvest, total plant height, stem diameter, height to the first branching point of topped plants, inflorescence length, and fresh stem biomass were measured. Stems and flowers were dried and then separated into seeds and dry biomass. The dry mass of the seeds and stems was determined, while the cannabinoid profile of the biomass (CBD and THC) was analysed by gas chromatography. The seed samples were also analysed for protein and oil content. The results show that sowing date was a decisive factor for seed yield, with later sowing leading to a 340 kg/ha higher yield compared to earlier sowing. Nitrogen fertilisation significantly increased yields, with fertilised plants producing almost 2 t/ha more stems and 217 kg/ha more seeds than unfertilised plants. Topping had a strong effect on plant morphology, as untopped plants were up to 1 m taller than topped plants. In contrast, biochemical responses were less variable compared to morphological traits. The nutritional quality of the seeds was high, with an average content of 23.43% protein and 31.94% oil. The CBD content in the post-harvest biomass was around 1.3%.

• Keywords: industrial hemp, morphological characteristics, biochemical properties, agrotehnical measures, Cannabis sativa