Introduction: Endoprosthetics represents a key area of orthopedic surgery, enabling the restoration of mobility and joint functionality. One of the most serious complications following the implantation of an endoprosthesis are infections and deep wounds, which can significantly affect treatment outcomes and the patient’s quality of life. Infection can occur either directly during surgery or secondarily via hematogenous spread of microorganisms. A crucial factor in the persistence of infections is the formation of biofilm – a three-dimensional structure of microorganisms enclosed in a protective matrix, which adheres to both biological and artificial surfaces, including implants. Materials used in orthopedics must be mechanically durable, biocompatible, chemically stable, and have a long lifespan. The most commonly used materials include metals, polymers, and ceramics. Purpose: The aim of the diploma work is to present the causes and consequences of infections and deep wounds after endoprosthesis implantation, to describe diagnostic approaches, preventive measures, and the role of biocompatible materials in preventing these complications. Methods: A descriptive review of scientific and professional literature was conducted using bibliographic databases. The analysis included articles published in English and Slovenian after 2013. Results: Although infections after endoprosthesis implantation are relatively rare, they can cause serious complications. A frequent cause is the colonization of the implant surface by microorganisms that form a biofilm. Risk factors include systemic diseases (e.g., diabetes), prolonged surgical time, use of invasive devices, and the presence of malignancies. Timely diagnosis and the use of advanced biocompatible materials reduce the risk of infection. Discussion and conclusion: Despite progress in the development of biomaterials and diagnostic methods, endoprosthetic infections remain a significant clinical challenge. Effective preventive strategies, early detection of infections, and the selection of appropriate implants are essential. Future treatment approaches will focus on the development of antimicrobial materials, individualized patient care, and a deeper understanding of biofilm formation and prevention.
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