In prefabricated timber construction wall penetrations through fire compartments represent critical points for the spread of fire, where improper material selection or incorrect installation can lead to the acceleration of fire. Due to the use of various materials and technical solutions, numerous uncertainties arise regarding their effectiveness, especially in cases where penetrations are made using combustible materials or are located in close proximity to them. Although guidelines prescribe the use of specific materials and spacing in practice, there are many implementations where these requirements cannot be met, primarily due to different wall designs. In this study, we analysed existing solutions and assessed whether they meet safety requirements, with a focus on the composition of materials, their spatial arrangement and their impact on heat and fire spread. The goal was to develop practical guidelines that allow for the execution of penetrations in a way that does not compromise the fire safety of installed elements, while also being compliant with standards and based on the rational use of materials. Special attention was also given to the influence of spacing between materials and the installation, as well as the role of non-combustible layers, which by limiting heat transfer, help prevent ignition or the rapid spread of fire.
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