Spatial transcriptomics is a method that enables the analysis of the spatial organization of gene expression within tissue. Various methods based on microdissection, imaging, barcode labelling, spatial capture, or target region selection are being developed and used for studies in developmental biology, cancer, neuroscience, pathology and many other areas of biology. The methodological approaches of spatial transcriptomics are increasingly contributing to a better understanding of general genetics, sequence variants and the effects of differential gene expression on the function of cells in their environment. These approaches help to identify molecular markers and mechanisms by which cells interact and communicate with each other. The possibilities of studying cells and their genetic information with high resolution and multiplexing provide insight into the heterogeneity of biological samples, which has so far greatly helped in the discovery and research of certain diseases. This thesis examines methods of spatial transcriptomics and their applications that have achieved significant advances in the field of genetics.
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