Povezanost kontraktilnih lastnosti mišice vastus lateralis s telesno pripravljenostjo alpskih smučarjev, starih od 10 do 16 let : magistrsko delo

Šraj Miklič, Iza (author), Lešnik, Blaž (comentor)

O vplivu biološkega razvoja na kontraktilne lastnosti mišic ter njihove povezanosti s telesno pripravljenostjo alpskih smučarjev mlajših starostnih kategorij, je znanega zelo malo. Namen magistrskega dela je bil z uporabo metode tenziomiografije (TMG), preučiti učinke biološkega zorenja na kontraktilne lastnosti mišice vastus lateralis (VL) ter njihovo povezanost z višino skoka z nasprotnim gibanjem (CMJ) in najvišjo hitrostjo teka na 20 metrov leteče (hitrost 20 m L) ter podati normativne vrednosti za to populacijo. V raziskavi je sodelovalo 139 tekmovalcev mlajših kategorij v alpskem smučanju, starih od 10 do 16 let. Stopnja zrelosti merjencev je bila določena na podlagi izračuna odmika zrelosti (MO) in predvidene starosti, ob kateri dosežejo najvišjo hitrost telesne rasti (ang. Peak Height Velocity [PHV]). Na podlagi tega so bili merjenci razvrščeni v tri skupine, glede na obdobje PHV: pred-PHV (23), med-PHV (81) in po-PHV (35). Z metodo TMG smo izmerili kontrakcijski čas (Tc) in s pomočjo ostalih TMG parametrov (Dm, Td in Ts) izračunali še hitrost kontrakcije (Vc). Na tenziometrični plošči smo izmerili višino CMJ in z elektronsko merilno napravo s fotocelicami še hitrost 20 m L. Enofaktorska analiza variance je pokazala, da med posameznimi obdobji PHV ni statistično značilnih razlik v TMG spremenljivkah Tc in Vc, te pa so bile ugotovljene za višno CMJ in hitrost 20 m L. Za slednji dve spremenljivki je bilo s t-testom za neodvisne vzorce ugotovljeno, da posamezniki v obdobju po-PHV dosegajo boljše vrednosti, v primerjavi s pred-PHV in med-PHV. Korelacijska analiza ni pokazala statistično značilne povezanosti med biološko starostjo in Tc ter Vc. Poleg tega smo ugotovili, da obstaja pozitivna povezanost med Vc in višino CMJ ter hitrostjo 20 m L. Predstavljeni rezultati pomagajo razumeti učinke biološkega dozorevanja na kotraktilne lastnosti mišic in telesno pripravljenost v kritičnem obdobju odraščanja. Poleg tega magistrsko delo prispeva k boljšemu razumevanju povezanosti med kontraktilnimi lastnostmi posameznih mišic in visoko koordinacijsko zahtevnimi gibi, kot sta CMJ in maksimalna hitrost teka. To je lahko v pomoč trenerjem pri diagnostiki, načrtovanju in optimiziranju trenažnega procesa, kar je pomembno predvsem z vidika identifikacije talentov ter preprečevanja preobremenitev in poškodb v alpskem smučanju.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: alpsko smučanje, telesna pripravljenost, kontraktilne lastnosti mišice, tenziomiografija, vastus lateralis
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173734
• COBISS.SI-ID: 256950787
• Publication date in RUL: 21.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The relationship between contractile properties of the vastus lateralis muscle and physical fitness in alpine skiers aged 10 to 16 years

Abstract

Very little is known about the influence of biological development on the muscle contractile properties and their relationship with the physical fitness of alpine skiers in younger age categories. The purpose of the master's thesis was to examine the effects of biological maturation on the contractile properties of the vastus lateralis (VL) muscle using the method of tensiomyography (TMG), as well as their relationship with countermovement jump (CMJ) height and maximal 20-meter flying sprint speed (20 m L), and to provide normative values for this population. The study included 139 alpine skiing competitors in younger categories, aged between 10 and 16 years. The maturity status of the participants was determined based on the calculation of maturity offset (MO) and the predicted age at peak height velocity (PHV). Based on this, the participants were divided into three groups according to PHV timing: pre-PHV (23), mid-PHV (81), and post-PHV (35). Using the TMG method, we measured contraction time (Tc) and, based on other TMG parameters (Dm, Td, and Ts), calculated velocity of contraction (Vc). CMJ height was measured using a tensiometric platform, and 20 m flying speed was assessed using an electronic measuring device with photocells. One-way analysis of variance showed no statistically significant differences in the TMG variables Tc and Vc between individual PHV periods; however, significant differences were found for CMJ height and 20 m flying speed. For the latter two variables, an independent samples t-test revealed that individuals in the post-PHV group achieved better values compared to the pre-PHV and mid-PHV groups. Correlation analysis did not show statistically significant associations between biological age and Tc or Vc. Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between Vc and CMJ height as well as 20 m flying speed. The presented results contribute to a deeper understanding of the effects of biological maturation on muscle contractile properties and physical performance during the critical developmental period of adolescence. Furthermore, this master's thesis enhances the understanding of the relationship between the contractile characteristics of individual muscles and highly coordination-dependent movements such as the countermovement jump (CMJ) and maximal sprinting speed. These insights may assist coaches in the diagnostics, planning, and optimization of the training process, which is particularly important for talent identification and the prevention of overload and injuries in alpine skiing.

• Keywords: alpine skiing, physical fitness, muscle contractile properties, tensiomyography, vastus lateralis