During a flood event, we have relatively little influence on altering flood dynamics; however, we can learn from the past and prepare appropriately for the future so that flood damage is minimized. The analysis of data from past flood events forms the core of this thesis. The analysis of the coincidence of flood peaks on river confluences is important from the perspective of hydropower plant management, ensuring flood safety, and understanding hydrological processes. With a good understanding and interpretation of the results, it is possible to assess the timing and magnitude of peak discharges and to plan appropriate measures for the safe design of flood protection systems and structures. As part of our thesis, we analyzed 10 high-water waves on the Sava River and its tributaries, where we performed analyses based on hourly discharge data.
The results of the analyses showed that in some cases the peak flow on the tributaries of the Sava River occurs before the peak flow on the Sava River (e.g., Sora, Savinja), while in other cases the peak flow on the tributaries occurs later than the peak flow on the Sava River (e.g., Ljubljanica, Krka). We found that the hydrological dynamics of tributaries depend on the location of the river basin (related to the precipitation amounts), the size of the river basin, and, above all, the slope of the river basin and the slope of the watercourse. In the case of steeper (torrential watercourses), the peak flow on the tributaries occurred more quickly, as such river basins have a shorter concentration time. The hydrological dynamics are also influenced by karst features, which we did not specifically analyze in this study. In addition, we calculated the travel time of high-water waves along the Sava River and calculated the specific discharge of high-water peaks, where we again observed significant differences between tributaries and individual gauging stations.
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