This thesis examines thermal insulation materials used in modern construction and their importance in ensuring energy efficiency and sustainable buildings. The introductory part highlights the role of thermal insulation in reducing energy consumption, lowering greenhouse gas emissions, and creating a comfortable indoor environment. This is followed by a literature review that includes scientific and professional sources, technical guidelines, and technical data sheets provided by manufacturers. Based on the review, materials most commonly applied in practice were selected, while those of primarily historical relevance or lacking reliable data were excluded. For each material, its origin and structure, production process, advantages and disadvantages, as well as typical applications in construction are presented. Special attention is given to three key physical properties: thermal conductivity (λ), density (ρ), and water vapour diffusion resistance factor (μ). In the analytical part, the thesis compares the selected materials according to these properties. The comparison was carried out first for all materials together and then separately for organic and inorganic groups. The results are presented clearly in tables and graphs and are supplemented with explanations and interpretations. The study concludes that there is no universally optimal material, as the choice always depends on a combination of technical, economic, and environmental factors, as well as specific project requirements. The thesis contributes to a clearer understanding of the field and offers practical guidelines for designers, contractors, and investors when selecting thermal insulation materials.
|
