Motivi in zadovoljevanje psiholoških potreb ob gledanju televizijskih vsebin v poznem otroštvu : magistrsko delo

Bugarinović, Sara (author), Lep, Žan (mentor)

Namen magistrskega dela je bil raziskati motive za gledanje televizijskih vsebin v poznem otroštvu ter preučiti, v kolikšni meri otroci ob gledanju doživljajo zadovoljenost temeljnih psiholoških potreb in oblikujejo parasocialne odnose. Raziskava je povezala teorijo uporab in zadovoljitev ter mini teorijo temeljnih psiholoških potreb in ju umestila v sodobni kontekst televizijskega okolja. V priložnostnem vzorcu 532 učencev (51,5 % dečkov) 4., 5. in 6. razreda osnovne šole (M = 10,7 let) sem z vprašalnikom izmerila motive za gledanje, zaznano zadovoljenost potreb ob gledanju in parasocialno povezanost z nastopajočimi oziroma liki v vsebinah, ki jih gledajo. Kontekst gledalnih navad sem dopolnila z zbranimi podatki o pogostosti gledanja (ne-)televizijskih avdiovizualnih vsebin, najljubših vsebinah ter zaslonskih napravah, ki so udeležencem na voljo. Rezultati so pokazali, da televizija v poznem otroštvu ostaja del vsakdana, do nje pa imajo otroci večinoma srednjo do nizko afiniteto. Najbolj izraženi motivi so bili vzburjenje, navada in sproščanje, najmanj pa umik, pri čemer so se motivi pogosto prekrivali. Pri zadovoljenosti potreb je bila najvišje izražena avtonomnost, sledili sta kompetentnost in povezanost z drugimi, najnižje pa je bila izražena parasocialna povezanost. Motivi za gledanje in afiniteta do televizijskih vsebin so bili bistveno močnejši napovedniki zadovoljenosti potreb in parasocialne povezanosti kot demografski dejavniki ali pogostost gledanja. Največjo napovedno vrednost je imel motiv učenja, ki je napovedoval zaznavo kompetentnosti, povezanosti in deloma parasocialne povezanosti. Motiv družabnosti je napovedoval predvsem povezanost, medtem ko sta navada in vzburjenje prispevala k parasocialni povezanosti. Nasprotno se sproščanje in umik nista izkazala kot pomembna napovednika zadovoljenosti potreb, Eksploratorno magistrsko delo tako prispeva k razumevanju psiholoških mehanizmov gledanja televizijskih vsebin v poznem otroštvu, k načinom preučevanja motivov in zadovoljenosti potreb ob sodobni medijski uporabi ter ponuja uporabne vpoglede za ustvarjalce otroških vsebin in starše.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: televizija, gledalne navade, psihološke potrebe, motivacija, pozno otroštvo
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Bugarinović]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 80 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173685
• UDC: 159.9:316.774-053.5(043.2)
• COBISS.SI-ID: 250246659
• Publication date in RUL: 20.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Motivations and psychological needs satisfaction through television content consumption in late childhood

Abstract

This master’s thesis explored the motives for watching television content in late childhood and examined the extent to which viewing supports the satisfaction of basic psychological needs and the formation of parasocial relationships. The study combined the uses and gratifications framework with the basic psychological needs mini-theory, situating them in the contemporary context of television viewing. A convenience sample of 532 pupils (51.5% boys) from the 4th, 5th, and 6th grades of primary school (M = 10.7 years) completed a questionnaire measuring motives for watching television content, perceived need satisfaction, and parasocial connectedness with figures or characters from the content they watch. This was complemented by data on the frequency of watching television and non-television audiovisual content, favorite programs, and the devices available to participants. Results show that television remains a regular part of sampled children’s everyday lives, although their overall affinity toward it is moderate to low. Arousal, habit, and relaxation emerged as the most salient motives, while escape was the least frequent, with considerable overlap between motives. In terms of need satisfaction, autonomy was reported as highest, followed by competence and relatedness, while parasocial connectedness was lowest. Viewing motives and affinity toward television content were much stronger predictors of need satisfaction and parasocial connectedness than demographic factors or viewing frequency. Watching to learn had the strongest predictive value, explaining children’s sense of competence, relatedness, and partly parasocial connectedness. Companionship was primarily linked to relatedness, whereas habit and arousal contributed to parasocial ties. In contrast, relaxation and escape did not emerge as significant predictors of need satisfaction. As an exploratory study, this thesis contributes to the understanding of the psychological mechanisms of television viewing in late childhood, to approaches for examining motives and need satisfaction in contemporary media use, and offers useful insights for children’s content creators and parents.

• Keywords: television, viewing habits, psychological needs, motivation, late childhood