Učinkovitost ortoz za zapestje pri osebah z nevrološkimi stanji : diplomsko delo

Vinko, Tjaša (author), Lampe, Tomaž (mentor), Fošnarič, Miha (reviewer)

Uvod: Zapestni sklep ima pomembno vlogo pri vsakodnevnih opravilih, nevrološke motnje pa pogosto povzročijo omejitve njegove funkcije. Ena izmed možnosti rehabilitacije prizadetega zgornjega uda so ortoze, ki lahko izboljšajo gibljivost, zmanjšajo spastičnost ter povečajo funkcionalno sposobnost roke. Namen: Namen naloge je bil predstaviti pogoste nevrološke patologije, ki vplivajo na funkcijo zapestja (npr. cerebralna paraliza, možganska kap, poškodba radialnega živca, sindrom karpalnega kanala), in na osnovi znanstvene literature oceniti učinkovitost različnih vrst zapestnih ortoz. Metode dela: Uporabljen je bil sistematičen pregled znanstvene in strokovne literature iz podatkovnih baz PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar in drugih. Vključene so bile raziskave, objavljene od leta 2010 dalje, ki so preučevale uporabo statičnih, dinamičnih in 3D ortoz. Rezultati: Analiziranih je bilo 12 raziskav. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da imajo ortoze pomemben vpliv na zmanjšanje spastičnosti, izboljšanje mišične moči, obsega gibanja in funkcionalnosti roke. Posebej učinkovite so se izkazale dinamične 3D ortoze pri bolnikih po možganski kapi, statične ortoze pri otrocih s cerebralno paralizo, ter nočne ortoze pri bolnikih s sindromom karpalnega kanala. Dinamične ortoze so bile učinkovite tudi pri poškodbah radialnega živca. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskave kažejo, da ortoze izboljšujejo funkcionalnost roke pri nevroloških okvarah, še posebej v kombinaciji z metodami, kot sta elektrostimulacija in pristop kognitivne usmerjenost k poklicni uspešnosti. 3D tehnologija tiskanja omogoča boljšo prilagoditev ortoz, kar povečuje udobje in sodelovanje pacientov. Ključna je individualna izbira ortoze glede na potrebe in cilje posameznika. Ortoze za zapestje so pomemben pripomoček v rehabilitaciji oseb z nevrološkimi okvarami. Njihova učinkovitost je odvisna od vrste patologije, tipa ortoze in vključitve v celostni rehabilitacijski pristop. V prihodnje je priporočljivo dodatno raziskati dolgoročne učinke in uporabnost sodobnih tehnologij, kot je 3D tiskanje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, ortotika in protetika, zapestna ortoza, nevrološke motnje, spastičnost, možganska kap, cerebralna paraliza, 3D ortoze, statične in dinamične ortoze
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Vinko]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 32 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173606
• UDC: 617.3
• COBISS.SI-ID: 249549059
• Publication date in RUL: 19.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effectiveness of wrist orthoses in people with neurological conditions : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: The wrist joint plays an important role in everyday activities, but neurological disorders often cause limitations in its function. One option for rehabilitation of the affected upper limb are orthoses, which can improve mobility, reduce spasticity, and increase the functional ability of the hand. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present common neurological pathologies that affect wrist function (e.g., cerebral palsy, stroke, radial nerve injury, carpal tunnel syndrome) and to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of wrist orthoses based on scientific literature. Methods: A systematic review of scientific and professional literature from PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and other databases was used. Studies published since 2010 that examined the use of static, dynamic, and 3D-printed orthoses were included. Results: Twelve studies were analyzed. It was found that orthoses have a significant effect on reducing spasticity and improving muscle strength, range of motion, and hand function. Dynamic 3D orthoses proved to be particularly effective in patients after stroke, static orthoses in children with cerebral palsy, and night orthoses in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome. Dynamic orthoses were also effective in radial nerve injuries. Discussion and conclusion: Research shows that orthoses improve hand function in neurological disorders, especially when combined with methods such as electrostimulation and cognitive orientation to daily occupational performance. 3D printing technology allows for better customization of orthoses, which increases patient comfort and cooperation. The individual selection of orthoses based on the needs and goals of the individual is crucial. Wrist orthoses are an important aid in the rehabilitation of people with neurological disorders. Their effectiveness depends on the type of pathology, the type of orthosis, and their integration into a comprehensive rehabilitation approach. In the future, it is recommended to further investigate the long-term effects and usefulness of modern technologies such as 3D printing.

• Keywords: diploma theses, orthotics and prosthetics, wrist orthosis, neurological disorders, spasticity, stroke, cerebral palsy, 3D orthoses, static and dynamic orthoses