Introduction: Stochastic effects of low-dose ionizing radiation cannot be directly linked to the development of cancer, cardiovascular diseases, or cataracts, which is why extensive research and statistical analysis are needed to determine its impact. Since such studies are lacking in Slovenia, it is important to conduct a systematic literature review to better understand the risks and raise awareness among exposed workers. Objective: The aim of the master’s thesis is to identify which diseases and health parameters are most commonly associated with occupational radiation exposure by analyzing available scientific literature. Methods: A descriptive method with a systematic literature review was used in this thesis. Scientific sources were searched in a medical article database using selected keywords, resulting in 251 studies that were suitable for further analysis. After three stages of exclusion, 37 scientific papers that met predefined inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. Results: The literature analysis revealed that certain types of cancer, such as specific leukemias, central nervous system tumors, kidney cancer, and breast cancer, are statistically significantly more common among occupationally exposed workers. The analysis also showed a high incidence of posterior subcapsular cataracts in workers with long-term radiation exposure, particularly in healthcare settings. Discussion and Conclusion: The associations between occupational exposure to ionizing radiation and cardiovascular diseases were less consistent and often even inversely proportional, which could be explained by the healthy worker effect, meaning that less healthy individuals are often excluded from the workforce. The results of the master's thesis highlight the importance of accurate assessment of cumulative exposure, long-term monitoring of workers, and consideration of methodological limitations and confounding factors when interpreting the associations between ionizing radiation and health outcomes. Further research is needed, based on improved data sources, larger cohorts, and more consistent analytical approaches.
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