Celostni pristop pri zagotavljanju nastanitve, oskrbe in obravnave mladoletnikov brez spremstva v Republiki Sloveniji : diplomsko delo

Zobec, Jerca (author), Zorn, Jelka (mentor)

S krepitvijo migracijskih tokov se je v zadnjih letih na območju Republike Slovenije povečalo število prihodov mladoletnih beguncev brez spremstva. Gre za mladoletne osebe, ki so na območje Slovenije vstopile brez odgovorne odrasle osebe in tako živijo na preseku treh dejavnikov tveganja: svoje mladoletnosti, dejstva, da potujejo sami, in da so opravili dolgo pot migracije, ki njihovo ogroženost še povečujejo. Slovenija kot deklarirano socialna država ter podpisnica evropskih konvencij in zavez, ki ščitijo tako človekove kot otrokove pravice, problematiki njihove nastanitve in oskrbe posveča posebno pozornost. Zaradi povečanega števila prihodov pa je morala že vpeljane postopke za zaščito mladoletnikov brez spremstva ponovno nasloviti. V letu 2023 je bila sprejeta Uredba o načinu zagotavljanja ustrezne nastanitve, oskrbe in obravnave mladoletnikov brez spremstva (2023), ki je za omenjene mladoletnike predvidela novo ureditev nastanitve v Centru za mladoletnike brez spremstva, ne glede na njihov status in napredek v postopku pridobivanja mednarodne zaščite. Z vzpostavitvijo tega nastanitvenega centra leta 2024 naj bi mladoletnikom brez spremstva zagotovili celostno oskrbo. V diplomskem delu raziskujem, kaj zakonodaja za oskrbo mladoletnikov brez spremstva predvideva, kaj se v praksi uresničuje ter kaj bi Republika Slovenija in deležniki oskrbe še morali storiti, da bi za Slovenijo lahko trdili, da mladoletnikom brez spremstva omogoča obravnavo in oskrbo s celostnega vidika. S tem namenom sem preučila in navedla relevantno literaturo, si zastavila raziskovalna vprašanja in opravila šest intervjujev z različnimi deležniki oskrbe mladoletnikov brez spremstva, ki predstavljajo po eno področje skrbi. Podatke sem nato kvalitativno obdelala in ugotovila, da zakonodaja sicer predvideva oskrbo in obravnavo, ki sledi celostnemu pristopu, vendar pa se v praksi določeni deli ne izvajajo ali pa se izvajajo površno in nezadostno. Kot pomanjkljivi so se izkazali postopek postavitve skrbnika za poseben primer na meji, sistem zakonitega zastopništva, ki ga posamezniki lahko opravljajo zelo različno, zagotavljanje psihosocialne podpore in izdelava individualnih načrtov. Kljub temu lahko trdim, da sta se oskrba in obravnava mladoletnikov z novo ureditvijo izboljšali, potrebne pa bodo še nekatere izboljšave, da bomo lahko za sistem nastanitve, oskrbe in obravnave trdili, da je celosten.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: mladoletniki brez spremstva, celostni pristop, deležniki oskrbe, mednarodna zaščita, načelo otrokove največje koristi
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FSD - Faculty of Social Work
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [J. Zobec]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 83 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-173028
• UDC: 314.15:364-053.6
• COBISS.SI-ID: 268731907
• Publication date in RUL: 12.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Holistic approach to providing accommodation, care and treatment for unaccompanied minors in the Republic of Slovenia

Abstract

With the intensification of migration flows, the number of unaccompanied minor refugees arriving in the Republic of Slovenia has increased. These are minors who have entered Slovenia without a responsible adult and thus live at the intersection of three risk factors; the fact that they are underaged, alone and migrating, which further increase their vulnerability. As a declared social state and a signatory to European conventions and commitments that protect both human and children's rights, Slovenia pays special attention to the issue of their accommodation and care. With the rise in arrivals, the country had to revisit the already established procedures for the protection of unaccompanied minors. In 2023, a Regulation on the Provision of Appropriate Accommodation, Care, and Treatment of Unaccompanied Minors was adopted. This regulation introduced a new system of accommodation for these minors in a Centre for Unaccompanied Minors, regardless of their legal status or progress in the international protection procedure. With this new regulation, which was implemented in 2024 through the establishment of the centre, unaccompanied minors are to be provided with holistic care. In my thesis, I examine what the legislation foresees regarding the care of unaccompanied minors, what is implemented in practice, and what the Republic of Slovenia and the stakeholders involved in care still need to do to ensure that Slovenia provides treatment and care from a holistic perspective. To this end, I reviewed and wrote down relevant literature, formulated research questions, and conducted six interviews with various stakeholders involved in the care of unaccompanied minors. Each stakeholder represents one area of care. I then analysed the data qualitatively and found that while the legislation foresees care and treatment based on a holistic approach, certain parts are either not implemented or are carried out in an insufficient manner. Shortcomings were identified in the process of appointing a guardian for special cases at the border, in the legal representation system (which varies greatly depending on the individual performing it), in the provision of psychosocial support, and in the development of individual care plans. Nevertheless, I can conclude that care and treatment have improved under the new system, although further improvements will be necessary before we can describe the accommodation, care, and treatment system as truly holistic.

• Keywords: unaccompanied children, hollistic approach, care providers, international protection, best interes to the child