As the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases, alternative approaches to its capture and storage gain importance. One of the interesting approaches is the use of plants and their communities within the rhizosphere, which already act as sinks, but whose effectiveness can be further enhanced through biotechnological means. Modifications are mainly aimed at improving photosynthetic efficiency, developing high-yielding perennials, modifying the root system, and stabilizing carbon into more resistant forms. Microbial communities in the rhizosphere play a key role in carbon stabilization, which is essential for long-term storage. Their composition can be influenced by the use of inoculants. Further development and use of biofuels and the emerging BECCS (BioEnergy Carbon Capture and Storage) technology also offer the possibility of partial mitigation of carbon dioxide emissions, but only if sustainability conditions are taken into account. At this point, the effectiveness of these approaches is still severely limited, yet they hold high potential for further research. Carbon sequestration done exclusively through the use of modified plants and their rhizosphere communities will continue to only act as a part of a broader solution to the climate crisis in the future, and will certainly not be sufficient on its own. Achieving this goal will require a comprehensive approach using all existing methods, which undoubtedly includes immediate carbon dioxide emission reductions.
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