Električni linearni motorji

Chvatal, Jernej (author), Lavrič, Henrik (mentor)

Diplomska naloga obravnava področje električnih linearnih motorjev, s poudar kom na njihovem principu delovanja, tehnični zasnovi ter praktični uporabi v industrijskih transportnih sistemih. V uvodnem delu so predstavljene osnovne lastnosti magnetnega polja in njegova vloga pri generiranju ter usmerjanju sile, ki je ključna za delovanje linearnih pogonov. Podrobneje so analizirani pojavi, kot so statična in dinamična magnetna polja, vzdolžno potujoče magnetno polje ter vpliv feromagnetnih materialov na učinkovitost delovanja. Osrednji del naloge je namenjen razlagi principov delovanja linearnih asin hronskih (LAM) in linearnih sinhronskih motorjev (LSM), kjer so podrobno opi sani ključni sestavni deli sistema, vključno z izmeničnim presmernikom, krmilni kom gibanja, dajalnikom položaja in ustreznimi algoritmi za regulacijo, kot sta regulacija orientacije polja (FOC) in neposredna regulacija navora (DTC). V praktičnem delu naloge je podrobneje predstavljen XTS (angl. extended transport system) podjetja Beckhoff, ki združuje lastnosti linearnih motorjev z naprednim krmiljenjem gibanja in omogoča izredno fleksibilnost pri oblikovanju transportnih poti. Opisani so motorski moduli, tekači in vodilne tračnice ter nji hova medsebojna interakcija, ki omogoča brezstično premikanje bremen z visoko natančnostjo. Manjša pozornost je namenjena tudi integraciji sistema v program sko okolje TwinCAT 3 ter funkcionalnosti brezžične komunikacije neposredno s posameznim tekačem, ki omogoča brezkontakten prenos energije in podatkov ter spremeni tekače iz pasivnih enot v aktivne procesne postaje. Rezultati praktičnega dela na testnem modelu XTS potrjujejo, da napre dne rešitve linearnih motorjev omogočajo bistveno izboljšanje učinkovitosti, na tančnosti in fleksibilnosti sodobnih industrijskih procesov. Naloga tako povezuje teoretične osnove elektromagnetizma z uporabo v realnih aplikacijah ter ponuja vpogled v tehnologije, ki predstavljajo prihodnost industrijske avtomatizacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: Linearni motor, vzdolžno potujoče magnetno polje, linearni asinhronski motor, linearni sinhronski motor, izmenični presmernik, dajalnik položaja, krmilnik gibanja, trajni magnet, elektromagnet, tuljava, feromagnetik.
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-172828
• COBISS.SI-ID: 267490307
• Publication date in RUL: 11.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Electric linear motors

Abstract

The thesis addresses the field of electric linear motors, with an emphasis on their operating principles, technical design, and practical implementation in industrial transport systems. The introductory part presents the fundamental properties of the magnetic field and its role in generating and directing force, which is crucial for the operation of linear drives. Phenomena such as static and dynamic magnetic fields, longitudinal traveling magnetic fields, and the influence of ferromagnetic materials on system performance are analyzed in greater detail. The central part of the thesis explains the operating principles of linear asyn chronous motors (LAM) and linear synchronous motors (LSM), with a detailed description of the key system components, including the inverter, motion con troller, position encoder, and relevant control algorithms, such as field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). In the practical part of the thesis, the XTS (extended transport system) deve loped by Beckhoff is presented in detail. XTS combines the advantages of linear motors with advanced motion control and enables exceptional flexibility in desi gning transport paths. The thesis describes the motor modules, movers, and guide rails, along with their mutual interaction, which allows for contactless movement of loads with high precision. Additional attention is given to the integration of the system into the TwinCAT 3 software environment and the functionality of NCT (no cable technology), which enables wireless power and data transmission directly to individual movers, transforming them from passive transport units into active mobile processing stations. The results obtained from testing the XTS system on a practical model confirm that advanced linear motor solutions enable significant improvements in efficiency, precision, and flexibility in modern industrial processes. The thesis therefore connects the theoretical foundations of electromagnetism with real-world applications and provides insight into technologies that represent the future of industrial automation.

• Keywords: Linear motor, longitudinal traveling magnetic field, linear asyn chronous motor, linear synchronous motor, inverter, position encoder, motion controller, permanent magnet, electromagnet, coil, ferromagnetic material.