Optimizacija velikosti sončne elektrarne z baterijo za stanovanjsko hišo

Rezar, Jože (author), Ažbe, Valentin (mentor)

Sodobni elektroenergetski sistem se sooča s številnimi izzivi na področju zanesljive oskrbe z električno energijo, pri čemer pomembno vlogo vse bolj prevzemajo sončne elektrarne na strehah stanovanjskih objektov. Ključno vprašanje, ki se pri tem pojavlja, je konsistentnost in zanesljivost oskrbe z električno energijo iz teh virov. Ena izmed možnih rešitev je dolgoročno ali kratkoročno shranjevanje presežkov energije s pomočjo baterijskih hranilnikov. V diplomskem delu smo se osredotočili na razvoj modela za simulacijo proizvodnje, porabe in shranjevanja električne energije v gospodinjstvu, ki uporablja sončno elektrarno in baterijski hranilnik. Model smo razvili v programu Microsoft Excel, ki omogoča pregledne izračune in vizualizacije, pri čemer smo za dodatno podporo pri vizualizaciji uporabili tudi programski paket Matlab. V model smo vključili konkretne podatke, med drugim karakteristike gospodinjstva, podatke o obsevanosti s spletnega portala ARSO ter meritve porabe električne energije s portala Moj Elektro. Zaradi usklajevanja podatkovnih intervalov smo meritve iz 15-minutnega intervala pretvorili v 30-minutnega. Prav tako smo vključili aktualne cene z računa trgovca z električno energijo GEN-I in tehnične specifikacije potencialnih ponudnikov sončnih elektrarn in hranilnikov. Poseben izziv je predstavljal izračun proizvodnje električne energije glede na naklon in orientacijo sončnih panelov, kar pomembno vpliva na končno količino proizvedene energije. Rezultate smo prikazali z več grafi, ki ponazarjajo odvisnost porabe, proizvodnje in shranjene energije skozi leto. Še posebej zanimiv je bil 3D prikaz odvisnosti povračilne dobe investicije glede na velikost elektrarne in kapaciteto hranilnika. Zaradi manjše preglednosti tega prikaza smo dodatno pripravili še posamezne grafe povračilne dobe za posamezne kapacitete hranilnika. Na podlagi izvedene analize ugotavljamo, da povračilna doba investicije z naraščanjem velikosti sistema praviloma najprej pada, potem pa raste. Optimalna velikost sistema je okvirno pri 10 kWh kapacitete hranilnika in 10 panelih, kar ustreza približno 5 kW proizvodne moči. Ugotovitve imajo sicer omejeno splošno veljavnost, saj se tako investicijski stroški kot tudi povračilna doba lahko bistveno razlikujejo glede na izbranega ponudnika opreme.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sončna elektrarna, baterijski hranilnik, ekonomika proizvodnje, poraba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-172678
• COBISS.SI-ID: 265001731
• Publication date in RUL: 10.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Optimising the size of a solar power plant with battery for a residential house

Abstract

The modern power system faces numerous challenges regarding the reliable supply of electricity, with rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems playing an increasingly important role. A key issue is the consistency and reliability of electricity generated from these sources. One potential solution is the short- or long-term storage of surplus energy using battery storage systems. This thesis focuses on the development of a simulation model to analyze household electricity production, consumption, and storage using a rooftop PV system combined with a battery storage unit. The model was implemented in Microsoft Excel, providing clear calculations and visualizations, while additional support for visual analysis was provided using Matlab. The model incorporates real-world data, including household characteristics, solar irradiance data from the ARSO portal, and electricity consumption measurements from the Moj Elektro portal. To ensure data consistency, 15-minute interval consumption measurements were converted to 30-minute intervals. Electricity prices from the energy provider GEN-I and technical specifications from potential PV and battery system suppliers were also included. A particular challenge addressed in the model is the calculation of energy production based on panel tilt and orientation, which significantly affects the total energy yield. Results are presented through various graphs showing annual electricity consumption, production, and stored energy profiles. A 3D visualization was created to illustrate the investment payback period as a function of system size and storage capacity. Due to limited clarity in the 3D visualization, additional individual graphs were produced to provide a more detailed insight into payback periods for specific storage capacities. The analysis indicates that the payback period initially decreases with system size and then increases. The optimal system configuration is approximately 10 kWh of battery capacity and 10 PV panels, corresponding to around 5 kW of peak power. These findings are indicative, as both investment costs and payback periods may vary significantly depending on the selected equipment supplier.

• Keywords: solar power system, battery storage, energy production economics, electricity consumption