The Bosnian Mountain Horse is an indigenous Slovenian horse breed that developed in the mountainous regions of the Balkans and is characterised by its endurance, resilience, and good working ability. This thesis analyses the historical, morphological and genetic characteristics of the breed. Based on molecular genetic analyses using microsatellite markers, the researchers concluded that 12.4% of the alleles have a low frequency but play an important role in maintaining the genetic diversity of the population. When analysing the mitochondrial DNK, 15 different haplotypes were found, which are divided into eight main groups. When analysing the Y chromosome, only one haplotype was found, which indicates a narrow genetic base on the male side. The breed is endangered due to the small number of animals and limited gene pool. There are currently 16 registered mare linneages and two sire lines, that do not differ genetically with regard to the Y chromosome type. For the long-term survival of the breed, it is crucial to promote the development of new stallion lines and to reduce inbreeding, as the relatively high inbreeding coefficient represents risk for the genetic structure of the population.
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