Izdelava igralnih kart za slepe in slabovidne

Podvez, Maša (author), Muck, Deja (mentor)

Slepi in slabovidni so kljub vsem olajšavam, ki so jim dandanes na voljo, na mnogih področjih še zmeraj prikrajšani. To velja tudi za družabne igre, saj velikokrat niso prilagojene za njihove potrebe, zaradi česar se lahko počutijo izključeni. Namen diplomskega dela je bil najti primerne načine za izdelavo igralnih kart, ki vsebujejo prilagoditve za slepe in slabovidne. Za prilagoditev smo izbrali igro tarok, za katero nismo zasledili različice s prilagoditvami. V teoretičnem delu smo raziskali, kako se je skozi zgodovino razvila Braillova pisava ter pregledali različne vrste tiska, ki se danes uporabljajo za tisk Braillove pisave. Poleg tega smo pregledali osnovne napotke za oblikovanje besedil za slabovidne. V eksperimentalnem delu smo se posvetili izdelavi kart s taktilnimi elementi, natisnjenimi z dvema vrstama tiska – slepim in UV kapljičnim tiskom, ter izdelali povečane grafike. Ustvarjen vzorec kart je nato testiralo 9 ljudi z različnimi stopnjami okvare vida. Po preizkusu je sledilo anketiranje z vprašalnikom, ki se je nanašal na berljivost Braillove pisave, razločnost grafik za slabovidne ter splošno uporabniško izkušnjo. Nato je bil izveden še test abrazije in adhezije za natisnjene taktilne elemente. Podrobno smo analizirali rezultate anketnega testiranja, nato pa še naredili primerjavo med uporabljenima tehnikama tiska. Rezultati so pokazali, da je Braillova pisava, natisnjena s tehniko UV kapljičnega tiska, nekoliko lažje berljiva, vendar je tehnika slepega tiska mnogo bolj obstojna. Ugotovljeno je bilo, da je za tisk taktilnih elementov najbolj primerna tehnika slepega tiska, saj zaradi manjše obrabe, kljub nekoliko nižji zaznavnosti, predstavlja boljšo rešitev za dolgotrajno uporabo. Grafike, namenjene slabovidnim, so bile oblikovane za čim lažjo prepoznavnost, vendar se potrebe in preference posameznikov zelo razlikujejo, zato bi bilo možno izvesti še dodatne prilagoditve, kot so bela pisava na črnem ozadju in uporaba pisave z večjimi razmiki. Anketiranci so družabne igre s prilagoditvami ocenili kot zelo pomembne, kar poudarja pomembnost izdelave iger, ki omogočajo samostojno uporabo in pomagajo pri tem, da se vsi igralci počutijo sprejete.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: slepi, slabovidni, Braillova pisava, brajica, tisk, igralne karte
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Organization: NTF - Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-172067
• Publication date in RUL: 05.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Making playing cards for the blind and visually impaired

Abstract

Despite all the aid available to them today, the blind and visually impaired are still disadvantaged in many areas. One of these is playing board games, as these are often not tailored to their needs, leaving them feeling excluded. The purpose of the thesis was to find the methods most suitable for creating playing cards that include adaptations for the blind and visually impaired. We chose to adapt the card game Tarok (Eng. Tarot), for which we did not find an adapted version. In the theoretical part, we researched how braille developed throughout history and reviewed the various types of printing used for printing braille today. We also reviewed the basic guidelines for creating texts for the visually impaired. In the experimental part, we focused on creating cards with tactile elements printed with two types of printing – embossing and UV inkjet printing, while also creating enlarged graphics. The created card sample was then tested by 9 people with different levels of visual impairment. After the test, a survey was conducted using a questionnaire that focused on the readability of braille, the legibility of graphics for the visually impaired, and the overall user experience. Then, an abrasion and adhesion test was performed on the printed tactile elements. We analyzed the results of the survey testing in detail and then compared the two printing techniques used. Results showed that braille printed with UV inkjet printing is slightly easier to read, however embossing is much more durable. It was found that the best technique for printing tactile elements is embossing as it provides a better solution for long-term use due to minimal wear, despite slightly lower detectability. The graphics designed for the visually impaired were created with the goal of making them as easily recognizable as possible, but because individual needs and preferences vary greatly, additional adjustments could be made, such as white text on a black background and the use of a font with larger spacing. Respondents rated board games with adaptations as very important, which emphasizes the importance of creating games that allow for independent use and help all players feel accepted.

• Keywords: blind, low vision, visually impaired, braille, print, card game