Učinki robotsko podprte vadbe hoje na spremenljivke hoje pri pacientih po možganski kapi - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Černigoj, Tan (author), Kovačič, Tine (mentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Možganska kap povzroči poškodbe možganskega tkiva, kar vpliva na motorične funkcije, vključno s hojo, ravnotežjem, koordinacijo in splošno mobilnostjo posameznika. Zaradi teh posledic so pacienti pogosto odvisni od pomoči drugih oseb pri vsakodnevnih dejavnostih. Robotsko podprta vadba hoje (v nadaljevanju RAGT) se vse pogosteje uporablja pri rehabilitaciji bolnikov po možganski kapi, saj omogoča natančno prilagoditev intenzivnosti vadbe, načina gibanja in stopnje podpore glede na potrebe posameznega pacienta. Tako se poveča učinkovitost vadbe in zagotovi varnejše izvajanje vaj. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je na podlagi pregleda znanstvene in strokovne literature primerjati učinke robotsko podprte vadbe hoje na spremenljivke hoje pri pacientih po možganski kapi Metode: V diplomskem delu smo uporabili deskriptivno metodo s sistematičnim pregledom literature. Pri iskanju smo uporabili časovni okvir od leta 2022 do 2024. Literatura je bila iskana v angleškem jeziku s ključnimi besedami robot assisted gait training AND stroke v podatkovnih bazah PEDro, PubMed in COBIB.SI. V analizo smo vključili pet člankov. Rezultati: Ugotovitve raziskav kažejo, da RAGT izboljša dolžino koraka, zlasti na prizadeti strani. Prav tako so opazna izboljšanja v simetriji hoje, kar pomeni bolj uravnoteženo gibanje in zmanjšanje tveganja za padce. Raziskave so pokazale, da ima lahko vadba hoje na boljši učinek na hitrost in kadenco hoje v primerjavi z vadbo na tekočem traku (v nadaljevanju T-RAGT). Raziskave so pokazale, da RAGT izboljša stabilnost in ravnotežje, kar zmanjšuje tveganje za padce in pripomore k večji mobilnosti pacientov. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovljeno je bilo, da robotsko podprta vadba pozitivno vpliva na številne ključne spremenljivke hoje, kot so dolžina koraka, simetrija hoje, stabilnost, koordinacija ter samostojnost pri hoji, ne prinaša pa pomembnejšega vpliva na hitrost hoje. Kljub temu lahko kombinacija RAGT z drugimi sodobnimi terapevtskimi pristopi pripomore k boljšim rezultatom in večji hitrosti hoje. RAGT pozitivno vpliva na ravnotežje pri pacientih po možganski kapi, še posebej v zgodnjih fazah celostne rehabilitacije.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, robotsko podprta vadba, možganska kap, hitrost hoje, dolžina koraka, simetrija hoje, ravnotežje
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [T. Černigoj]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 35 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171987
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 247785731
• Publication date in RUL: 05.09.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Effects of robot-assisted exercise on gait variables in post-stroke patients - literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Stroke causes damage to brain tissue, which affects motor functions, including walking, balance, coordination, and overall mobility of the individual. Due to these consequences, patients are often dependent on assistance from others in their daily activities. Robot-assisted gait training (hereinafter referred to as RAGT) is increasingly used in the rehabilitation of stroke patients, as it allows precise adjustment of exercise intensity, movement patterns, and level of support according to the individual needs of each patient. This increases the effectiveness of the training and ensures safer exercise execution. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to compare the effects of robot-assisted gait training on gait variables in stroke patients based on a review of scientific and professional literature. Methods: In this thesis, we used the descriptive method with a systematic literature review. The search was limited to the period from 2022 to 2024. The literature was searched in English using the keywords robot assisted gait training AND stroke in the databases PEDro, PubMed, and COBIB.SI. Five articles were included in the analysis. Results: Research findings show that RAGT improves step length, especially on the affected side. Improvements in gait symmetry are also noticeable, meaning more balanced movement and a reduced risk of falls. Studies have shown that gait training can have a better effect on walking speed and cadence compared to treadmill training (hereinafter referred to as T-RAGT). Studies have shown that RAGT improves stability and balance, which reduces the risk of falls and contributes to greater mobility of patients. Discussion and conclusion: It was found that robot-assisted gait training has a positive impact on several key gait variables, such as step length, gait symmetry, stability, coordination, and walking independence, but it does not have a significant effect on walking speed. Nevertheless, a combination of RAGT with other modern therapeutic approaches can contribute to better results and increased walking speed. RAGT positively affects balance in stroke patients, especially in the early stages of comprehensive rehabilitation.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, robot-assisted gait training, stroke, walking speed, step length, walking symetry, balance