The thesis mainly focuses on the Turkish minorities in three countries: Bulgaria, North Macedonia, and Greece, on their distribution and evolution from the Ottoman era to the present day, it outlines their position in all three countries, compares them, and highlights the problems concerning the Turkish communities there. The Turks are one of the ethnic groups in the Balkans that came to live in this area, especially during the Ottoman period, and in some places formed strong communities. In the 19th century, however, different nation states began to emerge in the Balkans, and suddenly, the Turks became a minority, both religious and ethnic. Major demographic changes followed, with some countries deliberately carrying out population exchanges, while others, directly or indirectly, triggered a wave of migrations, and the number of Turks drastically decreased. Several factors led some countries to adopt discriminatory policies against the Turks. Nowadays, the Turkish communities are found in different countries, and consequently, their rights and position in society differ.
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