Introduction: Fathers play a crucial role in providing emotional support and ensuring the well-being of a premature infant born before the 37th week of gestation. In Slovenia, where the incidence of preterm births is relatively low, premature infants account for approximately 7% of all newborns. Purpose: To explore the father’s role during the transition to parenthood following the birth of a premature infant, with a focus on his involvement in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods: A qualitative research method was used through a systematic review of professional and scientific literature in both English and Slovenian, presented using a PRISMA diagram. Results: The findings reveal that fathers of premature infant in the neonatal intensive care unit wish to actively participate in caregiving and engage in skin-to-skin contact, which strengthens bonding and reduces feelings of helplessness. However, many fathers feel incapable of assisting their child and are often restricted to observation, leading to frustration. They experience internal conflict between traditional male roles and paternal responsibilities, which heightens feelings of powerlessness. The absence of clear guidelines and limited opportunities for collaboration with healthcare professionals further increases stress and feelings of isolation, compounded by hospital restrictions and societal expectations. Fathers’ emotional and psychological needs include the desire for connection with their infant, recognition of their parental role, and support in managing symptoms of anxiety and depression. Active involvement in care fosters emotional attachment and strengthens confidence in their parenting abilities. Greater support and recognition of fathers as equal parents are essential for reducing stress and improving family dynamics. Discussion and conclusion: Research indicates that fathers’s role in the neonatal intensive care unit are often undefined, and they face numerous challenges and unmet needs after the birth of a premature infant. While they express a strong desire to be involved caregiving, they often feel excluded, which negatively affects their emotional well-being. Support from healthcare professionals is essential to help fathers integrate into care and navigate emotional challenges. Following discharge, they face increased responsibility, making continued support critical for a smoother transition into parenthood.
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