Analysis of the wooden sculptures from Slovenia after 40 years of outdoor exposure

Lesar, Boštjan (author), Dolničar, Rok (author), Renčelj, Saša (author), Pamić, Renata (author), Kopač, Luka (author), Levanič, Jaka (author), Humar, Miha (author)

The preservation and degradation of wooden sculptures in outdoor environments have been central to conservation science, as exemplified by the wooden artworks of Stane Jarm, displayed for over 40 years in Kočevje, Slovenia. This study investigates the enduring effects of environmental exposure on oak sculptures. We assessed the sculptures’ condition using semi-non-destructive techniques, isolating the samples for laboratory analysis to determine the degradation and condition of the respective statues. The analysis revealed significant degradation predominantly due to fungi, with notable shifts in wood density correlating with physical signs of decay such as cracking and increased porosity of oak wood. The study underscores the critical need for advanced conservation strategies, suggesting combining the Anoxi method and targeted heating to mitigate decay. This research contributes to the broader understanding of wood conservation, offering insights into the protective measures necessary for preserving wooden cultural heritage in outdoor exposure.

• Language: English
• Keywords: wood, heritage science, resistograph, decay, weathering, sculpture
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: BF - Biotechnical Faculty
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 1-12
• Numbering: Vol. 13, [article no.] 402
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171184
• UDC: 630*8
• ISSN on article: 3059-3220
• DOI: 10.1038/s40494-025-01984-5
• COBISS.SI-ID: 245813763
• Publication date in RUL: 18.08.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Npj heritage science
• Shortened title: npj herit. sci.
• Publisher: Nature Portfolio
• ISSN: 3059-3220
• COBISS.SI-ID: 237419523

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: les, dediščinska znanost, rezistograf, razkroj, vremenski vplivi, kip