Umetnost kot blažilec učinka anksioznosti glede smrti na sovraštvo do političnih migrantov

Koc Perbil, Maša (author), Lep, Žan (mentor)

V magistrski raziskavi sem izhajala iz teorije upravljanja z grozo, ki sovraštvo do drugih skupin pojasnjuje preko delovanja obrambnih mehanizmov, vključujoč pristranost do lastne skupine in diskriminacijo drugih skupin, ki posameznika ščitijo pred anksioznostjo glede smrti, z utrjevanjem njegovih kulturnih pogledov na svet. Anksioznost glede smrti lahko v skladu z omenjeno teorijo nižajo tudi drugi blažilci anksioznosti. Preučevala sem, ali lahko to funkcijo opravlja ustvarjanje umetnosti in tako prepreči potrebo posameznikov, da bi anksioznost glede smrti blažili preko sovražnosti do drugih skupin. To vprašanje sem proučevala z eksperimentalno preizkušnjo, v kateri so bili udeleženci izpostavljeni opomniku na smrtnost ali zobobol, nato pa so reševali umetnostno nalogo (pisanje pesmi), matematično nalogo (reševanje računov) ali nalogo čakanja (pred nadaljevanjem so čakali). Vseh šest eksperimentalnih skupin je nato izpolnilo lestvico socialne distance kot mero sovraštva do političnih migrantov. V raziskavi, izvedeni z vzorcem 134 študentov, sem ugotovila, da so udeleženci, ki so bili izpostavljeni opomniku na smrtnost, v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so bili izpostavljeni opomniku na zobobol, skladno s teorijo upravljanja z grozo, izražali večjo socialno distanco do političnih migrantov. V obeh pogojih so na socialno distanco vplivale tudi eksperimentalne naloge. Med udeleženci, ki so bili izpostavljeni opomniku na smrtnost, so tisti, ki so prejeli umetnostno nalogo, v primerjavi s tistimi, ki so prejeli matematično nalogo ali nalogo čakanja, izražali nižjo socialno distanco, kar nakazuje, da umetnost lahko pomaga pri blaženju anksioznosti glede smrti ter tako posredno znižuje sovražnost do drugih skupin. Glede na rezultate razlagam potencialne koristi umetnosti za reševanje družbene problematike sovraštva do drugih skupin ter opozarjam na diskriminacijo političnih migrantov v slovenskem prostoru. V zaključku opisujem še nerazrešena vprašanja, povezana z mojo raziskavo, in izhodišča za nadaljnje raziskave.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: teorija upravljanja z grozo, anksioznost glede smrti, politični migranti, umetnost, sovraštvo do drugih skupin
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Koc Perbil]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 63 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-171111
• Publication date in RUL: 06.08.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Art as the buffer of the effect of death anxiety on hatred of political migrants

Abstract

My master thesis was based on terror management theory, which explains hatred towards other groups through workings of defense mechanisms, including ingroup bias and outgroup discrimination, that protect the individual from death anxiety by affirming their cultural worldview. According to the theory, other anxiety buffers can also lower death anxiety. I examined whether creating art can perform this function and thus prevent one’s need to soothe death anxiety through hostility towards other groups. I explored this question through experimental procedure, in which the participants were subjected to a reminder of either mortality or a reminder of a toothache, and then given an art task (writing a poem), a mathematical task (solving calculations) or the task of waiting (having to wait before advancing). All six experimental groups then completed a social distance scale as a measure of hatred towards political migrants. In research conducted with 134 students, I discovered that participants who were subjected to the reminder of mortality in comparison to those who were subjected to the reminder of toothache, in accordance with terror management theory, expressed more social distance towards political migrants. In both of these conditions experimental tasks also influenced social distance. Among participants who were subjected to a reminder of mortality, those who received the art task expressed less social distance in comparison with those who received the mathematical task or the task of waiting, which suggests that art could aid in soothing death anxiety and indirectly lowering hostility towards other groups. Based on the results, I discuss the potential benefits art can have on resolving the societal issue of outgroup hatred and highlight the discrimination political migrants are facing in Slovenia. In conclusion I outline some unresolved issues related to my research as well as provide the basis for future research.

• Keywords: terror management theory, death anxiety, political migrants, art, outgroup hatred