Primerjava nemškega in slovenskega kazenskega zakonika s poudarkom na terminoloških razlikah kaznivih dejanj zoper življenje in telo

Medved, Lucija (author), Gruntar Jermol, Ada (mentor)

Prevajanje pravnih besedil je izjemno zahteven in večplasten proces, ki presega zgolj poznavanje jezikovnih pravil in terminologije. Zahteva globoko razumevanje pravnih sistemov tako izhodiščnega kot ciljnega jezika, saj mora prevedeno besedilo ohraniti enak pravni učinek, funkcijo in pravno varnost. Posebej kompleksno je prevajanje normativnih pravnih besedil, kamor spada kazenski zakonik, saj je bistveno, da prevajalec ne le prenaša pomen izvirnega besedila v ciljno kulturo, temveč zagotavlja tudi njegovo skladnost s pravnim redom ciljne države. V pričujočem magistrskem delu se osredotočam na prevajanje kazenskopravnih normativnih besedil s poudarkom na primerjalni analizi slovenskega Kazenskega zakonika (KZ-1) in nemškega kazenskega zakonika – Strafgesetzbuch (StGB). Temeljni namen raziskave je iskanje nemških kazenskopravnih ekvivalentov slovenskim kaznivim dejanjem, ki so zbrani v 15. poglavju Kazenskega zakonika Republike Slovenije. V teoretičnem delu naloge bom predstavila temeljne delitve prava, pri čemer se bom osredotočila na kazensko pravo, njegove funkcije in definicijo kaznivega dejanja. V jezikovnem delu bom podrobneje obravnavala pravni jezik in značilnosti pravnih besedil, s posebnim poudarkom na kazenskopravni terminologiji v slovenskem in nemškem pravnem sistemu. V nadaljevanju se bom osredotočila na pojem ekvivalence pri pravnem prevajanju, kar je tudi ključno teoretično izhodišče analize. Empirični del temelji na primerjalni analizi strukture obeh kazenskih zakonikov in kaznivih dejanj zoper življenje in telo, predstavljenih v 15. poglavju Kazenskega zakonika RS (KZ-1). Slednje bom primerjala s kaznivimi dejanji zoper življenje in telo v nemškem StGB in skušala poiskati ekvivalente glede na razvrstitev stopenj ekvivalence po Sandru Paolucciju. Pri dobljenih rezultatih in njihovi analizi bom upoštevala tako pravne kot jezikovne dejavnike, saj tako eni kot drugi vplivajo na celoten prevajalski proces.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: kazensko pravo, kazenski zakonik, pravno prevajanje, pravni jezik, ekvivalenca
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FF - Faculty of Arts
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170711
• COBISS.SI-ID: 243358979
• Publication date in RUL: 13.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Comparison of the German and Slovenian Criminal Codes with a Focus on Terminological Differences in Criminal Offenses Against Life and Limb

Abstract

The translation of legal texts is an exceptionally complex and multifaceted task that extends well beyond a mere command of linguistic rules and legal terminology. It demands a profound understanding of the legal systems underpinning both the source and target languages, as the translated text must retain its legal effect, intended function, and ensure legal certainty. Particularly intricate is the translation of normative legal texts, such as criminal codes, where it is essential not only to accurately convey the meaning of the original, but also to align the translated text with the legal framework of the target jurisdiction. This master’s thesis explores the translation of normative texts in the field of criminal law, with a particular focus on a comparative analysis of the Slovenian Criminal Code (KZ-1) and the German Criminal Code (Strafgesetzbuch, StGB). The central aim of the research is to determine translation equivalents in German criminal law for the Slovenian offences against life and limb listed in Chapter 15 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Slovenia. The theoretical part of the thesis outlines the main branches of law, with an emphasis on criminal law—its functions, guiding principles, and the legal definition of a criminal offence. The linguistic section examines the nature of legal language and the stylistic and structural features of legal texts, with particular attention to criminal law terminology in the Slovenian and German legal systems. A key conceptual foundation of the analysis is the notion of equivalence in legal translation. The empirical part is based on a comparative examination of the structure of both criminal codes and the offences against life and limb in Chapter 15 of the Slovenian Criminal Code. These provisions are systematically compared with the corresponding offences in the German Strafgesetzbuch, with the aim of identifying degrees of translational equivalence as classified by Sandro Paolucci. In evaluating the results, both legal and linguistic considerations are taken into account, as each plays a significant role in shaping the translation process and ensuring the accuracy, functionality, and coherence of the translated legal text.

• Keywords: criminal law, criminal code, legal translation, legal language, equivalence