Stigmatizacija pacientov s hepatitisom B in C s strani medicinskih sester : diplomsko delo

Roter, Manca (author), Thaler, Darja (mentor), Ovijač, Darja (reviewer)

Uvod: Hepatitis B in C sta ogromen zdravstveni problem po celem svetu, saj več let potekata brez simptomov in povzročata resno obolevnost. Oba virusa se prenašata preko stika z okuženo krvjo, iz matere na otroka, s tetoviranjem in prebadanjem telesa ter pri spolnih odnosih. Pri HCV je manjše tveganje prenosa okužbe med spolnim odnosom in pri porodu. Stigmatizacija izhaja iz strahu pred boleznijo, skrbi, da se bolezen razširi, in iz posledic bolezni. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati literaturo na področju stigmatizacije pacientov s hepatitisom B in C s strani medicinskih sester. Preučiti želimo, kako pri medicinskih sestrah prepoznamo stigmo do omenjenih pacientov, ob tem pa tudi opredeliti, kako lahko te zmanjšajo njeno prisotnost ob pacientih, ki imajo hepatitis B in C. Metode dela: Uporabili smo deskriptiven pristop z metodo pregleda literature. Pregledana je bila slovenska in tuja literatura. Podatke smo iskali v bibliografskih zbirkah ScienceDirect, Digitalni knjižnici Univerze v Ljubljani (DiKUL), iskalniku Google Scholar in PubMed. Podatke smo pridobili tudi s spletne strani Nacionalnega inštituta za javno zdravje (NIJZ). Starost podatkov smo omejili do deset let, torej od leta 2014 do 2024. Rezultati: Stigmatizacija pacientov s hepatitisom B in C je prisotna tudi v zdravstvenih ustanovah, kar pa vpliva na obravnavo in počutje pacientov. Zaradi pomanjkanja znanja pri medicinskih sestrah privede do ovir, kot so slabša komunikacija, pomanjkanje zaupanja s strani pacientov ter prisotnost stigme do pacientov in njihovega zdravstvenega stanja. Razprava in zaključek: Treba je ugotoviti izvor stigme in jo izkoreniniti z nadgradnjo znanja zdravstvenih delavcev. Pomembno je prepoznati znake stigme pri medicinskih sestrah ter jim omogočiti strokovno izpopolnjevanje o načinih prenosa okužbe hepatitisa B in C. Medicinske sestre se morajo osredotočiti na celostno obravnavo tovrstnih pacientov. Zaradi diskriminatornega vedenja in stigme, ki jo doživljajo osebe s hepatitisom B in C, imajo medicinske sestre vlogo širjenja pravilnih informacij ter spodbujanja pacientov pri obravnavi.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, zdravstveni delavci, diskriminacija, stigmatizacija
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [M. Roter]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 22 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170671
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 242373635
• Publication date in RUL: 12.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Stigmatization of hepatitis B and C patients by nurses : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Hepatitis B and C are a major health problem worldwide, as they can be asymptomatic for years and cause serious morbidity. Both viruses are transmitted through contact with infected blood, from mother to child, tattooing and body piercing, and sexual intercourse. With HCV, the risk of transmission is lower during sexual intercourse and at birth. Stigma comes from the fear of the disease, the worry that the disease will spread and the consequences of the disease. Purpose: The aim of this diploma thesis is to explore the literature on the stigmatization of hepatitis B and C patients by nurses. We want to study how to recognize stigma among nurses towards these patients. Also, identify how nurses can reduce the presence of stigma towards patients with hepatitis B and C. Methods: We used a descriptive approach with a literature review. Slovenian and foreign literature was reviewed. Data were searched in the bibliographic databases ScienceDirect, Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana (DiKUL), Google Scholar and PubMed. We also retrieved data from the National Institute of Public Health (NIJZ) website. We limited the age of the data to 10 years, from 2014 to 2024. Results: Stigmatization of patients with hepatitis B and C is also present in healthcare settings, which in turn affects the treatment and well-being of patients. Lack of knowledge among nurses leads to barriers such as poorer communication, lack of trust from patients and the presence of stigma towards patients and their condition. Discussion and conclusion: It is necessary to identify the source of stigma and to eliminate it by upgrading the knowledge of health professionals. It is important to identify the signs of stigma in nurses and to provide them with professional development on the modes of transmission of hepatitis B and C. Nurses need to focus on the integrated management of these patients. Because of the discriminatory behavior and stigma experienced by people with hepatitis B and C, nurses have the role of spreading correct information and encouraging patients in treatment.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, healthcare workers, discrimination, stigmatization