Analytical, numerical 1D and 3D water hammer investigations in a simple pipeline apparatus

Bergant, Anton (author), Rek, Zlatko (author), Urbanowicz, Kamil (author)

This paper deals with the analytical and numerical simulation of a water hammer in the reservoir-pipeline-valve (RPV) system. An analytical solution of the water hammer equations with unsteady friction term was derived for transient laminar pipe flow in a RPV system. For simulation of an arbitrary flow situation a number of one-dimensional (1D) numerical methods have been developed. The physically based method of characteristics proved to be computationally efficient and can handle complex boundary conditions. The accuracy of the 1D numerical model is increased by introducing terms that take into account 3D effects (example of an unsteady skin friction). The 3D model predicts these influences directly and represents an excellent tool for researching multidimensional properties of fluids (numerical laboratory). Calculation results based on 1D and 3D numerical models are in good agreement with results of measurements taking into account adequate prediction and modelling of influential physical parameters during laminar and low-Reynolds number turbulent water hammer events. Quantitative comparison analysis yields up to 2 % difference in maximum head at the valve and up to 5 % relative difference in pressure head drop at the midpoint of the pipeline monitored over the first four positive pressure pulses.

• Language: English
• Keywords: pipeline, water hammer, analytical solution, method of characteristics, computational fluid dynamics, unsteady skin friction
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FS - Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: Str. 149-156
• Numbering: Vol. 71, no. 5/6
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170657
• UDC: 621.22:621.64
• ISSN on article: 0039-2480
• DOI: 10.5545/sv-jme.2024.1179
• COBISS.SI-ID: 242283011
• Publication date in RUL: 11.07.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Strojniški vestnik
• Shortened title: Stroj. vestn.
• Publisher: Zveza strojnih inženirjev in tehnikov Slovenije [etc.], = Association of Mechanical Engineers and Technicians of Slovenia [etc.
• ISSN: 0039-2480
• COBISS.SI-ID: 762116

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Title: Analitične, numerične 1D in 3D raziskave vodnega udara v enostavnem preizkusnem cevovodu
• Keywords: cevovod, vodni udar, analitična rešitev, metoda karakteristik, računalniška dinamika tekočin, nestalno stensko trenje

Projects

• Funder: ARIS - Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency
• Project number: P2-0162
• Name: Večfazni sistemi

• Funder: Minister of Science
• Funding programme: Regional Initiative of Excellence (RID) programme