The thesis deals with the passive voice in modern Polish and Russian language. In the first part, I initially theoretically define voice as a verb category and the distinction between the active and the passive subject, which appears in most European languages. In the continuation of the theoretical work, I present the forms and language features of the formation of passive constructions in Polish and Russian. In Slavic languages, passive structures are formed in two ways: with the auxiliary verb to be (in Polish also zostać 'become') and participles ending in -n and -t suffixes (periphrastic or analytic passive) or with reflexive forms of mostly transitive verbs (reflexive passive). The exception is Polish, which only knows analytical passive forms. The second, empirical part is the analysis of certain passive structures in the original and in the Russian translation of the Polish author Olga Tokarczuk's novel Drive Your Plow Over the Bones of the Dead.
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