As the human population grows, so does the need for food. The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), reports that the production of primary crops has increased by half in the last twenty years, but the use of pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers, which have a negative impact on the environment and human health, has also increased proportionally. Recently, the concept of sustainable agriculture, based on protecting plants from pathogenic microorganisms (MOs) in an environmentally friendly manner, has emerged as an alternative. There is also great potential for natural protection, as endophytes colonize the interior of plants without adverse effects on them. In some cases, they reduce the impact of abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, water abundance and nutrient inaccessibility, but they can also serve as biomarkers against various parasites. We know fungal and bacterial endophytes. We included the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporum and various mutants and strains of Bacillus subtilis in our study. We investigated the effect of the B. subtilis mutant on the growth of F. oxysporum. We inoculated the prepared cultures of the fungus and the mutant Bacillus subtilis on the culture plate and on the microtitre plate and regularly monitored the growth of mycelium by taking photos. We analyzed the selected photos in the computer program ImageJ. We found that compared to mutants, the wild-type B. subtilis, induced the growth of the F. oxysporum fungus compared to mutants. Despite all the positive effects, the science still faces many challenges to ensure that products containing endophytes are as accessible and competitive as commercial pesticides and fertilisers. It is necessary to ensure a long shelf life, simple application methods and efficient and cost-effective production, on the other hand, farmers need to be educated about endophytes and the potential impact on the environment needs to be investigated at an early stage.
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