Optimizacija moči hidroelektrarne z več enakimi turbinami

Vidmar, Simon (author), Čepin, Marko Tomaž (mentor)

Diplomsko delo obravnava problem optimizacije moči hidroelektrarne, ki je opremljena z več enakimi turbinami. V realnem obratovanju pride do situacij, ko je razpoložljivi pretok reke manjši od skupnega nazivnega pretoka vseh turbin, zato ni trivialno, kako ta pretok optimalno razporediti med posamezne turbine, da bi dosegli maksimalno skupno proizvodnjo električne energije. Namen diplomskega dela je razviti računalniški simulacijski model, ki določa največjo moč hidroelektrarne z ustrezno razporeditvijo pretokov vode po posameznih turbinah glede na dane vhodne parametre. Poleg tega model omogoča prikaz in analizo največje možne moči elektrarne v odvisnosti od skupnega razpoložljivega pretoka vode. V teoretičnem delu so predstavljeni osnovni principi delovanja hidroelektrarn, vrste hidroelektrarn ter vrste turbin (Peltonova, Kaplanova, Francisova), s poudarkom na njihovih izkoristkih v odvisnosti od pretoka. Opisana je tudi regulacija vrtilne hitrosti turbin ter vpliv posameznih parametrov na skupni izkoristek elektrarne. V praktičnem delu diplomskega dela je bil razvit simulacijski model v programskem jeziku Python, ki uporabniku omogoča vnos različnih vhodnih parametrov: število turbin, nazivni pretok, vrsta turbine in dejanski pretok reke. Model temelji na nelinearni odvisnosti izkoristka turbine od pretoka in višine padca vode, ki je prav tako definirana kot funkcija pretoka. Zaradi kompleksnosti in nelinearnosti problema je bila uporabljena metoda numerične optimizacije s pomočjo algoritma Monte Carlo, ki z večkratnim zagonom in naključno izbranimi začetnimi pogoji omogoča iskanje globalnega maksimuma. V sklopu diplomskega dela so bile izvedene številne analize simulacijskega modela, s poudarkom na preverjanju njegove zanesljivosti in odzivnosti na različne vhodne parametre. Posebej je bila analizirana odvisnost rezultatov optimizacije od števila začetnih točk v metodi Monte Carlo ter vpliv večkratnega zagona simulacije z istimi parametri. Poleg tega je bila opravljena primerjalna analiza med optimizirano in enakomerno razporeditvijo pretoka med turbine pri različnih vrednostih razpoložljivega pretoka, za vse tri obravnavane vrste turbin.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: hidroelektrarna, optimizacija moči, razporeditev pretoka
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170327
• COBISS.SI-ID: 243351299
• Publication date in RUL: 03.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Optimizing the power of a hydroelectric power plant with multiple identical turbines

Abstract

The thesis addresses the problem of power optimization in a hydroelectric power plant equipped with multiple identical turbines. In real-world operation, situations arise where the available river flow is lower than the total nominal flow of all turbines, which makes it non-trivial to optimally distribute the flow among individual turbines in order to achieve the maximum total electricity production. The purpose of the thesis is to develop a computer simulation model that determines the maximum power output of a hydroelectric power plant through appropriate distribution of water flow among individual turbines based on given input parameters. In addition, the model enables the display and analysis of the maximum possible power of the plant depending on the total available water flow. The theoretical part presents the basic principles of hydroelectric power plant operation, types of hydroelectric plants, and types of turbines (Pelton, Kaplan, Francis), with an emphasis on their efficiencies depending on the flow. The regulation of turbine rotational speed and the influence of individual parameters on the overall efficiency of the plant are also described. In the practical part of the thesis, a simulation model was developed in the Python programming language, which allows the user to input various parameters: number of turbines, nominal flow, type of turbine, and actual river flow. The model is based on the nonlinear dependence of turbine efficiency on flow and on the water head, which is also defined as a function of flow. Due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the problem, a numerical optimization method was used, employing the Monte Carlo algorithm, which enables the search for a global maximum through multiple runs and randomly selected initial conditions. As part of the thesis, several analyses of the simulation model were conducted, focusing on verifying its reliability and responsiveness to different input parameters. In particular, the dependence of optimization results on the number of initial points in the Monte Carlo method and the effect of repeated runs of the simulation with identical parameters were analyzed. In addition, a comparative analysis was carried out between optimized and uniform flow distribution among the turbines at various values of available flow, for all three types of turbines considered.

• Keywords: hydroelectric power plant, power optimization, flow distribution