Vpliv izometrične moči mišic kolka na pojavnost poškodb pri nogometašicah : magistrsko delo

Adamič, Niko (author), Vodičar, Janez (mentor), Spudić, Darjan (comentor)

Nogomet je eden izmed najbolj priljubljenih ekipnih športov na svetu. Ženski nogomet ima precej krajšo zgodovino od moškega, vendar v zadnjih letih velja za eno izmed najhitreje rastočih športnih panog na svetu. Ker gre za kontaktni šport, je tveganje za poškodbe veliko. Najpogostejše poškodbe so poškodbe spodnjih okončin (kolka, kolena in gležnja). Ravno zato je treba posebno pozornost nameniti kakovostnemu treniranju in kondicijski pripravljenosti, da se ob vedno večjih obremenitvah igralcev zmanjšajo tveganja za nastanek poškodb. Telesna pripravljenost v sodobnem nogometu je namreč ena izmed ključnih dejavnikov za uspešnost ekipe. Namen magistrske naloge je bil na podlagi merjenja izometrične moči odmikalk in primikalk ter notranjih in zunanjih sukalk kolka ugotoviti, ali moč kolka vpliva na morebitne kasnejše poškodbe pri nogometašicah. V analizo so bile vključene vse igralke prve slovenske ženske nogometne lige, ki so se prostovoljno odločile za testiranje. Vpliv moči mišic kolka na poškodbe smo proučevali s pomočjo namensko izdelane izometrične upornice, ki omogoča testiranje izometrične moči kolčnih mišic v različnih položajih postavitve nog in trupa. Pri analizi rezultatov smo ugotovili, da ima položaj telesa pri testiranju izometrične moči pomemben vpliv. Pri nogometašicah brez kroničnih poškodb smo opazili višje vrednosti izometrične moči v večini gibalnih nalog. Iz rezultatov je razvidna tudi statistično značilna razlika v izometrični moči v večini gibalnih nalog, med nogometašicami z akutnimi poškodbami in tistimi brez njih. Med raziskavo nismo odkrili bistvenih razlik v razmerju izometrične moči med levo in desno nogo ter med primikalkami in odmikalkami, ne glede na položaj telesa. Na osnovi tega lahko sklepamo, da akutne poškodbe ne vplivajo na razmerje moči med levo in desno nogo ali med primikalkami in odmikalkami. Rezultati analize napovedne moči testa izometrične moči primikalk in odmikalk kolka v ležečem položaju z iztegnjenimi nogami so pokazali, da test ni primeren za napovedovanje poškodb pri nogometašicah, saj ima zelo nizko diskriminacijsko sposobnost. Ugotovitev velja tako za akutne kot kronične poškodbe.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: nogomet, izometrična moč, mišice kolka, poškodbe, izometrična upornica
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170219
• COBISS.SI-ID: 249687299
• Publication date in RUL: 02.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The influence of isometric hip muscle strength on the incidence of injuries in female soccer players

Abstract

Football is one of the most popular team sports in the world. Women's football has a much shorter history than men's football, but in recent years it has been considered one of the fastest growing sports in the world. Since it is a contact sport, the risk of injury is high. The most common injuries are injuries of the lower extremities (hip, knee and ankle). This is why special attention must be paid to quality training and fitness to reduce the risk of injury with the increasing workload on players. Physical condition in modern football is one of the key factors for the team's success. The purpose of the master's thesis was to determine whether hip strength affects possible later injuries in female football players, based on measuring isometric strength of abduction and adduction muscles and internal and external hip rotators. The analysis included all players of the first Slovenian women's football league who voluntarily decided to be tested. The influence of hip muscle strength on injuries was studied using a purpose-built isometric resistance device, which allows testing of isometric hip muscle strength in different leg and torso positions. When analyzing the results, we found that body position has a significant impact on isometric strength testing. In female soccer players without chronic injuries, we observed higher isometric strength values in most movement tasks. The results also show a statistically significant difference in isometric strength in most movement tasks between female soccer players with acute injuries and those without them. During the study, we did not show significant differences in the ratio of isometric strength between the left and right leg and between adductors and abductors, regardless of body position. Based on this, we can conclude that acute injuries do not affect the ratio of strength between the left and right leg or between adductors and abductors. The results of the analysis of the predictive power of the isometric strength test of hip adductors and abductors in the supine position with legs extended showed that the test is not suitable for predicting injuries in female soccer players, as it has a very low discriminatory ability. This finding applies to both acute and chronic injuries.

• Keywords: football, isometric strength, hip muscles, injuries, isometric resistance