Določanje koncentracij izbranih težkih kovin v površinski vodi reke Krke

Zver, Klara (author), Novosel, Barbara (mentor)

V diplomskem delu sem predstavila težke kovine in se osredotočila na njihovo prisotnost v okolju, ki je posledica naravnih in antropogenih virov. Vključila sem negativne učinke antimona, arzena, cinka, kadmija, kobalta, kroma, molibdena, niklja, svinca in živega srebra na okolje ter povzela vpliv le-teh na človeka. V delu sem predstavila tudi zakonodajno ozadje v Sloveniji, pri katerem sem se osredotočila na predpisane mejne vrednosti koncentracij izbranih težkih kovin, ki so potrebne za ohranjanje kakovosti vodnega sistema kot okolja v celoti. V okviru eksperimentalnega dela sem izvedla analizo ICP-OES, s pomočjo katere sem na petih vzorčnih mestih (izvir reke Krke, Soteska, Češča vas, Otočec in izliv v reko Savo) odvzela površinsko vodo reke Krke in z omenjeno metodo določila koncentracije izbranih težkih kovin. Na osnovi rezultatov sem preučila spreminjanje oz. prisotnost izbranih težkih kovin (antimon, arzen, kadmij, kobalt, krom, molibden, nikelj in svinec) po vodotoku navzdol in jih primerjala s podatki, pridobljenih s strani ARSO za leto 2023, ki tovrstne analize izvaja na letni ravni. Pridobljene rezultate sem primerjala tudi z zakonskimi predpisi oz. mejnimi vrednostmi, ki veljajo za Slovenijo. Glede na pridobljene rezultate je večina izbranih težkih kovin (antimon, arzen, kadmij, kobalt, krom, molibden, nikelj in svinec) pod mejo zaznave z izjemo aluminija, barija in cinka. Določene koncentracije kažejo, da je kakovost površinske vode v skladu z veljavnimi zakonskimi predpisi, ki skrbijo za kakovost okolja (prehranska veriga, pitna voda) in varnost ljudi. Kljub temu da so bili pridobljeni rezultati skladni z mejnimi vrednostmi, pa je potrebno za ohranjanje takega stanja upoštevati preventivne ukrepe za nadaljnje ohranjanje kakovostnega stanja površinske vode. Med te spadajo redni monitoringi in analize površinske vode ter ozaveščanje ljudi in okoliških podjetij o pomembnosti tako kakovosti vode kot tudi okolja na splošno.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: težke kovine, reka Krka, metoda ICP-OES, škodljivi učinki
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170139
• COBISS.SI-ID: 243073283
• Publication date in RUL: 02.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Determination of the concentrations of selected heavy metals in the surface water of the Krka river

Abstract

In my thesis, I presented heavy metals and focused on their presence in the environment, which is a result of natural and anthropogenic sources. I included the negative effects of antimony, arsenic, zinc, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, lead and mercury on the environment and summarized their impact on humans. In the thesis, I also presented the legislative background in Slovenia, in which I focused on the prescribed limit values of concentrations of selected heavy metals, which are necessary to maintain the quality of the water system as a whole. As part of the experimental work, I performed an ICP-OES analysis, with the help of which I took surface water from the Krka River at five sample points (the source of the Krka River, Soteska, Češča vas, Otočec and the outflow into the Sava River) and determined the concentrations of selected heavy metals using the aforementioned method. Based on the results, I examined the changes or the presence of selected heavy metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, nickel and lead) downstream and compared them with data obtained by ARSO for 2023, which performs such analyses on an annual basis. I also compared the obtained results with the legal regulations or limit values that apply to Slovenia. According to the obtained results, most of the selected heavy metals (antimony, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, chromium, molybdenum, nickel and lead) are below the detection limit with the exception of aluminum, barium and zinc. The determined concentrations show that the quality of surface water is in accordance with the applicable legal regulations that ensure the quality of the environment (food chain, drinking water) and human safety. Despite the fact that the obtained results were consistent with the limit values, it is necessary to take preventive measures to further maintain the quality of surface water. These include regular monitoring and analysis of surface water, raising awareness among people and surrounding businesses about the importance of water quality as well as the environment in general.

• Keywords: heavy metals, Krka River, ICP-OES method, harmful effects