Introduction: In the past, caesarean section was usually avoided due to its high maternal mortality rate, but today it has become the most commonly performed surgical procedure among women of childbearing age. Until 1970, the obstetric saying ,,once a caesarean, always a caesarean” prevailed, which led to a steady rise in the number of these operations throughout the 20th century. Repeat caesarean sections therefore came to represent almost 40 % of all caesarean sections. In 1985, under the auspices of the World Health Organization, experts convened to evaluate the appropriateness and use of obstetric technology. The participants expressed concern about the increasing number of caesarean deliveries and emphasized that no world region has a medical justification for caesarean rates exceeding 10–15 %. Nevertheless, the rates in most countries remain above this recommended threshold, except for less developed areas. One of the key measures to lower this figure is to encourage a trial of vaginal birth after the caesarean section. Purpose: The aim of this thesis is to analyze the incidence and success of trial of labor after caesarean section during the 2014–2024 period at the Kranj Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics. We also investigate the following factors that influence the success of trial of labor after caesarean section: maternal age, body mass index, labor onset method, presence of gestational diabetes, placenta previa, uterine rupture, multiple pregnancy and fetal malpresentation. In doing so, we hope to contribute to a better understanding of the conditions under which a trial of labor after caesarean is safe and successful. Methods: In this thesis, a quantitative, descriptive research method based on a systematic review of the relevant literature and an analysis of statistical data from the Kranj Hospital for Gynecology and Obstetrics covering the period 2014–2024 was used. The data was drawn from the Perinatal Information System of the Republic of Slovenia, delivery records, birth registries, and the hospital’s own information system. Our analysis includes all women with at least one prior caesarean section in the researched period. Results: By researching this data, we found that the average rate of trial of labor after caesarean section was 51 %, while the success rate of those trials was 69 %. Higher success rates were observed in the following subgroups: women aged 21–25 years (72 %), patients with a normal body mass index (69 %) and patients with a spontaneous onset of labor (70 %). Discussion and conclusion: The incidence of successful trial of labor after caesarean section in the studied sample is relatively high and comparable to the best international practices. The key factors that increase the likelihood of success include younger maternal age, normal body mass index, spontaneous onset of labor, and the absence of negative obstetric history.
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