Intervencije zdravstvene nege in samopodoba žensk po zdravljenju raka dojke : diplomsko delo

Hvala, Sabrina (author), Mihelič Zajec, Andreja (mentor), Mlinar, Suzana (reviewer)

Uvod: Najpogostejši rak pri ženskah po celem svetu je rak dojke. Zdravljenje raka dojke pomembno vpliva na fizično, psihosocialno in čustveno zdravje ter dobro počutje žensk. Soočanje z rakom dojke predstavlja velik stres za žensko, saj se mora spoprijeti z novimi in zahtevnimi izzivi. Potrebno je povečati ozaveščenost zdravstvenih delavcev o težavah in potrebah pacientk, ki so prebolele raka dojk. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je raziskati vpliv stranskih učinkov zdravljenje raka dojke na samopodobo žensk in proučiti pozitivne vplive intervencij zdravstvene nege na samopodobo žensk. Metode dela: V diplomskem delu je narejen pregled znanstvene ter strokovne literature v slovenskem in angleškem jeziku. Za iskanje literature smo uporabili portal Digitalne knjižnice Univerze v Ljubljani. Iskali smo v podatkovnih bazah CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed in ScienceDirect. V analizo smo vključili 11 člankov. Rezultati: Motnje v doživljanju telesne podobe so pogosta težava pri ženskah po zdravljenju raka dojke, pri čemer negativna telesna podoba vztraja več tednov ali mesecev. Med najpogostejše stranske učinke zdravljenja spadajo izguba las, spremembe na koži, nihanja telesne teže in trajne telesne spremembe, kot je izguba dojke. Medicinska sestra ima pomembno vlogo v prepoznavanju stiske pacientk, jim nudi podporo ter predstavi različne načine za soočanje s spremenjeno telesno podobo. Prilagojena telesna vadba, lepotne terapije ter skupinske in psihosocialne intervencije dokazano izboljšujejo samopodobo in psihološko počutje pacientk. Uporaba prsnih protez, predvsem samolepljivih, pripomore k boljšemu sprejemanju telesnih sprememb. Razprava in zaključek: Raziskava potrjuje, da imajo stranski učinki zdravljenja raka dojke pomemben vpliv na samopodobo žensk. Ključna je vloga medicinskih sester, ki zagotavljajo kontinuirano podporo pacientkam in jim pomagajo pri soočanju s psihološkimi ter fizičnimi izzivi. Njihove intervencije vključujejo svetovanje, izobraževanje in spodbujanje. Smiselno je, da ženske po zdravljenju raka dojke uporabljajo proteze, izvajajo telesne vadbe, se udeležujejo skupinskih terapij in drugih podpornih intervencij, saj te pripomorejo k izboljšanju telesnega in psihološkega stanja ter povečanja samozavesti.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, zdravstvena nega, mastektomija, pacientke, stranski učinki, podporna skrb, medicinske sestre
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [S. Hvala]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 28 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170012
• UDC: 616-083
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241299715
• Publication date in RUL: 02.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Nursing interventions and self-image of women after breast cancer treatment : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. It's treatment has a significant impact on women's physical, psychosocial and emotional health as well as their well-being. Facing breast cancer is highly stressful for women, as they must cope with new and difficult challenges. It is essential to raise awareness among healthcare professionals about the problems and needs of breast cancer survivors and to provide them with up-to-date evidence-based resources to help them in their recovery. Purpose: The purpose of this research is to explore the impact of side effects of breast cancer treatment on women's self-esteem and to examine the positive effects of nursing interventions on women's self-esteem. Methods: The literature search was conducted using the portal of the Digital Library of the University of Ljubljana. We searched the CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. We included articles that were published in English from 2016 to 2024, were freely available in full text and were relevant to the research objectives. We included 11 articles in the analysis. Results: Body image disturbances are a common issue among women following breast cancer treatment, with negative body image often persisting for weeks or even months. The most frequent side effects of treatment include hair loss, skin changes, weight fluctuations, and permanent physical changes such as mastectomy. The nurse plays a vital role in recognizing patients’ distress, providing support, and introducing various strategies to help them cope with altered body image. Tailored physical exercise, beauty therapies, as well as group and psychosocial interventions have been proven to improve patients’ self-esteem and psychological well-being. The use of breast prostheses, especially self-adhesive ones, contributes to better acceptance of physical changes. Discussion and conclusion: Research confirms that the side effects of breast cancer treatment have a significant impact on women's self-image. Nurses play a key role in providing continuous support to patients and assisting them in coping with both psychological and physical challenges. Their interventions include counseling, education, and encouragement. It is advisable for women after breast cancer treatment to use prostheses, engage in physical exercise, and participate in group therapy and other supportive interventions, as these contribute to improvements in physical and psychological well-being and help enhance their self-confidence.

• Keywords: diploma theses, nursing care, mastectomy patients, side effects, supportive care, nurses