Učinek ravnotežne vadbe na statično in dinamično ravnotežje pri otrocih s cerebralno paralizo - pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Juvančič, Eva (author), Kovačič, Tine (mentor), Hlebš, Sonja (reviewer)

Uvod: Cerebralna paraliza je ena izmed najpogostejših nevroloških motenj v otroštvu, pri kateri gre za motorično okvaro, ki se kaže kot motnja gibanja in drže. Poškodbe možganov lahko nastanejo med predporodnim, perinatalnim ali zgodnjim poporodnim obdobjem. Najpogostejši dejavnik tveganja je prezgodnji porod oz. nizka porodna teža. Motnje gibanja se lahko kažejo kot spastičnost, diskinetičnost in ataksičnost. Ker poznamo več različnih oblik in stopenj CP, moramo oceniti zmožnosti in analizirati gibalne sposobnosti posameznika ter osebo razvrstiti glede na petstopenjski sistem GMFCS. Zaradi oslabljenega razvoja živčnega sistema, upočasnjene propriocepcije, mišične oslabelosti in spastičnosti so motnje ravnotežja resna težava pri otrocih s CP. Z izvajanjem vadbe, usmerjene v nalogo, se izboljša funkcija na vseh ravneh motorične izvedbe, predvsem izboljšanje gibljivosti in ravnotežja. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pomočjo pregleda strokovne in znanstvene literature ovrednotiti uspešnost in učinkovitost ravnotežne vadbe na statično in dinamično ravnotežje pri otrocih s cerebralno paralizo. Metode dela: Iskanje literature je potekalo v elektronskih podatkovnih bazah PubMed in PEDro. Uporabljene so bile ključne besede v angleščini, in sicer »cerebral palsy AND effect of balance«, »cerebral palsy AND postural contol« in »cerebral palsy AND children». Rezultati: Na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih kriterijev je bilo v pregled literature vključenih šest raziskav. Skupno je bilo v raziskavah vključenih 183 preiskovancev. Obdobje izvajanja terapevtskih vadbenih programov je med raziskavami variiralo od šest do šestnajst tednov. Terapevtske obravnave so se izvajale dvakrat, trikrat in šestkrat tedensko. Trajanje vadbene enote je trajalo od 60 do 90 minut. V vseh raziskavah rezultati nakazujejo, da imajo ravnotežne vadbe za otroke in mladostnike s CP pozitivne učinke na njihovo statično in dinamično ravnotežje. Razprava in zaključek: Ugotovitve pregleda literature kažejo, da učinek ravnotežne vadbe na statično in dinamično ravnotežje pozitivno vpliva na izboljšanje ravnotežja. Za bolj zanesljive sklepe bi bilo treba v raziskave vključiti večje število preiskovancev, imeti enotne vključitvene in izključitvene kriterije, enotnejši terapevtski program in enotna merilna orodja za ravnotežje.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, cerebralna paraliza, otroci, ravnotežje, vadba
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [E. Juvančič]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 41 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-170003
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 241447427
• Publication date in RUL: 02.07.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: The effect of balance training on static and dynamic balance in children with cerebral palsy - a literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: Cerebral palsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in childhood, characterized by motor impairment that manifests as a movement and posture disorder. Brain damage can occur during the prenatal, perinatal, or early postnatal period. The most common risk factor is premature birth and low birth weight. Movement disorders can manifest as spasticity, dyskinesia, and ataxia. Since we know several different forms and levels of CP, we must assess the abilities and analyze the motor skills of the individual and classify the person according to the five-stage GMFCS system. Due to impaired development of the nervous system, slowed proprioception, muscle weakness, and spasticity, balance disorders are a serious issue in children with CP. By performing taskoriented exercises, the function at all levels of motor performance is improved, primarily improving flexibility and balance. Purpose: The purpose of the thesis was to evaluate the success and effectiveness of balance training on static and dynamic balance in children with cerebral palsy using a review of professional and scientific literature. Methods: Literature search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed and PEDro. The keywords used were "cerebral palsy AND effect of balance", "cerebral palsy AND postural control" and "cerebral palsy AND children". Results: Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 6 studies were included in the review. A total of 183 subjects were included in the studies. The period of implementation of therapeutic exercise programs varied from six weeks to 16 weeks among the studies. Therapeutic treatments were given twice, three and six times a week. The duration of the training unit lasted from 60 minutes to 90 minutes All studies show that balance exercises have positive effects on static and dynamic balance in children and adolescents with CP. Discussion and conclusion: The literature review findings show that the effect of balance training on static and dynamic balance has a positive impact on improving balance. To draw more reliable conclusions, a larger number of subjects should be included in the research, and there should be uniform inclusion and exclusion criteria, a more uniform therapeutic program, and uniform balance measurement tools.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, cerebral palsy, kids, balance, training