Oncological patients are at a greater risk of infections due to weakened immunity, prolonged hospitalization, and invasive medical procedures. One of the most common infections among them is ventilator-associated pneumonia. This infection is associated with higher mortality rates, longer hospital stays, and increased use of antibiotics. Therefore, the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia is crucial for improving health outcomes in oncological patients admitted to intensive care units. Purpose: The aim of this thesis was to investigate and present existing strategies for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in oncological patients and to highlight key measures that nurses can implement to reduce the incidence of this infection. Methods: A descriptive research method was used, focusing on an analysis of existing scientific and professional literature addressing the chosen topic (ventilator-associated pneumonia among oncological patients in intensive care units). The literature was selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, considering full-text availability, relevance to the topic and research purpose, and the selection of professional and original scientific articles. Results: The literature review revealed that the most effective approach to preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia is the implementation of a structured set of preventive measures known as the “VAP bundle.” However, oncological patients are more vulnerable to such infections, which makes it essential to apply the VAP bundle with specific enhancements. These include intensified oral hygiene (use of chlorhexidine and tooth brushing), optimal airway management (elevated head-of-bed positioning, cuff pressure regulation, subglottic suctioning), and the active involvement of nurses. These strategies have been shown to reduce the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia, the duration of mechanical ventilation, and mortality in this vulnerable population. Discussion and Conclusion: Preventing ventilator-associated pneumonia in oncological patients requires a multidisciplinary approach and precise execution of preventive strategies. Despite the existence of established guidelines, their implementation is often inconsistent, highlighting the need for further education and practice improvements. Further research is needed to optimize preventive strategies tailored to the specific needs of oncological patients.
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