Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the myelin lining of nerve fibres in the brain and spinal cord. This causes a disruption in the transmission of nerve impulses, affecting movement, balance, vision, cognition and sensation. The disease mainly affects young adults, with a higher incidence in women. The cause of the disease is still only partially understood, but it is thought to be a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Although there is no cure yet, therapies are available to control symptoms and slow the progression of the disease. Because of the symptoms listed above, which have a profound impact on the patient's life, quality of life, which includes a subjective assessment of their physical, emotional and social state, is also a focus of medical treatment. Purpose: The aim of the thesis was to examine the factors that influence the quality of life of patients with multiple sclerosis and to assess their physical, mental, spiritual health and social relationships. Methods: A descriptive method was used and a literature review was conducted in the CINAHL Ultimate, PubMed/MEDLINE and ScienceDirect databases from November 2023 to September 2024. 13 scientific articles were included in the analysis. Results: The results of the study focused on quality of life indicators for patients with multiple sclerosis, obtained by rating scales for physical, psychological, social and spiritual well-being. We found that pain, fatigue and mobility problems have a negative impact on quality of life. Psychological well-being is reduced by depression, anxiety and cognitive problems, leading to lower quality of life scores. Social support and good family relationships have a positive impact on higher quality of life. Spiritual health, which includes a sense of meaningfulness, inner peace and spiritual support, contributes to better psychological well-being and greater resilience to stress. Spiritual activities and a sense of spiritual connectedness help patients to cope with the challenges of illness and reduce feelings of loneliness. Employed patients report a higher quality of life compared to unemployed patients, indicating the importance of work activity for well-being. Discussion and conclusion: In the future, it would be useful to develop holistic approaches involving different professionals. It is also advisable to explore the impact of diet and the role of spirituality in rehabilitation, as this could improve disease management.
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