Introduction: Pleural effusion refers to the accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity, typically resulting from various pathological processes, including infections, malignancies, heart failure, and traumatic injuries. A thorough anatomical and physiological understanding of the pleural cavity is essential for recognizing, treating, and managing patients with pleural effusion. In addition to medical diagnosis and therapy, nursing care plays a crucial role by contributing to patient safety and well-being through appropriate interventions. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to present the structure and function of the pleural cavity and to explore how the professional knowledge and clinical competencies of registered nurses contribute to the safe execution of invasive procedures such as thoracentesis, pleural drainage, and pleurodesis. Methods: The thesis was prepared using a descriptive research method with an analysis of domestic and international scientific literature. Materials were gathered from professional sources and databases such as CINAHL, MedLine/PubMed, ScienceDirect, and COBISS. Selected content was critically evaluated and connected to current nursing practices in the fields of pulmonology and thoracic surgery. Results: An anatomical understanding of the pleural cavity structure enables better clinical decision-making and safer performance of invasive procedures aimed at removing pathological fluid and improving respiratory function. The role of the nurse proves vital throughout all stages of patient care — from patient education, preparation for procedures, monitoring of vital signs, and early recognition of complications, to providing psychological support. Findings indicate that professionally trained nurses significantly contribute to reducing complications and improving the overall quality of care for patients with pleural effusion. Discussion and Conclusion: Pleural effusion as a clinical syndrome demands an interdisciplinary approach, where nurses play an indispensable role. A detailed understanding of anatomy and physiology enhances disease comprehension, while professional nursing care ensures patient safety and support during complex invasive procedures. Further education and training of nurses in this area are essential for improving clinical practice and patient outcomes.
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