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Structure and function of lobed glands in isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda)
ID Chipanovska, Natasha (Author), ID Vittori, Miloš (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
Lobed glands, a unique feature of terrestrial isopod crustaceans (Oniscidea), are tricellular tegumental glands consisting of a secretory cell, an intermediate cell, and a canal cell. These glands, hypothesized to serve defensive functions, vary in presence, distribution, and morphology across Oniscidea species. This study examined 32 isopod species, representing diverse phylogenetic groups and eco-morphotypes, using histological and histochemical methods, confocal, and electron microscopy techniques. Lobed glands were absent in examined non-oniscidean species and some Oniscidea groups like the section Tylida and the family Armadillidae. We found lobed glands in the uropods, the lateral plates of the pleon and the pereon, the cephalothorax, and we report their presence for the first time in the antennae, under tergites, and in the pereopods. Gland distribution correlated with eco-morphotypes: epigean runners and clingers had more glands, while endogean creepers, rollers, and non-conformists possessed fewer or none. Gland size was species-specific, reflecting body size but showing no relation to eco-morphotype. Analysis of different developmental stages of different species revealed that the number of glands remains constant and their size increases with body growth. Histochemical and FTIR analyses showed protein-rich secretions, differing between different body regions. These secretions likely function as defensive glues, entangling predators rather than relying on toxicity. Gland discharge likely results from increased secretory product volume in the duct, with secretion triggered by rapid fusion of secretory granules with the secretory cell plasma membrane.

Language:English
Keywords:Isopoda, Oniscidea, lobed glands, eco-morphotype, defensive function
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:BF - Biotechnical Faculty
Publisher:[N. Chipanovska]
Year:2025
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-169334 This link opens in a new window
UDC:595.382:591.14(043.3)
COBISS.SI-ID:238655747 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:24.05.2025
Views:251
Downloads:54
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Zgradba in delovanje krpatih žlez enakonožcev (Crustacea: Isopoda)
Abstract:
Krpate žleze, edinstvena značilnost kopenskih rakov iz skupine Oniscidea, so tricelične tegumentalne žleze, sestavljene iz sekrecijske celice, vmesne celice in kanalne celice. Domneva se, da opravljajo obrambne funkcije, med vrstami skupine Oniscidea pa se razlikujejo glede prisotnosti, razporeditvi in morfologiji. V tej študiji smo preučili 32 vrst izopodov, ki predstavljajo različne filogenetske skupine in ekomorfotipe, z uporabo histoloških in histokemijskih metod ter tehnik konfokalne in elektronske mikroskopije. Krpatih žlez nismo zaznali v preučenih vrstah izven skupine Oniscidea. Prav tako jih nismo našli v skupinah Oniscidea, kot sta sekcija Tylida in družina Armadillidae. Krpate žleze smo našli v uropodih, epimerah pleona in pereona ter glavoprsju, prvič pa poročamo tudi o njihovi prisotnosti v antenah, pod tergiti in v pereopodih. Razporeditev žlez je bila povezana z ekomorfotipi: epigeični tekači in oprijemalci so imeli več žlez, medtem ko so jih endogeični plazilci, krogličarji in nekonformisti imeli manj ali pa jih sploh niso imeli. Velikost žlez je bila specifična za posamezne vrste, odražala je velikost telesa, vendar ni imela očitne povezave z ekomorfotipom. Analiza različnih razvojnih stopenj različnih vrst je pokazala, da število žlez ostaja konstantno in da se te povečujejo med rastjo telesa. Histokemijske in FTIR analize so pokazale, da so izločki bogati s proteini, ki se razlikujejo med žlezami v različnih telesnih regijah. Ti izločki verjetno delujejo kot obrambna lepila, v katera se plenilci zapletejo in niso toksični. Izločanje iz žlez je verjetno posledica povečanja volumna sekrecijskega produkta v kanalu, sproži pa se s hitrim zlitjem sekrecijskih granul s plazemsko membrano sekrecijske celice.

Keywords:Isopoda, Oniscidea, krpate žleze, ekomorfotip, obrambna funkcija

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