Non-Speech Oral Motor Exercises (NSOME) have been popular technique among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) for years. In recent decades, they have been the subject of numerous studies and debates, particularly regarding their effectiveness in improving speech production.
Studies on NSOME usage among SLPs worldwide indicate that these exercises are applied in therapy for various disorders, most commonly in the treatment of dysarthria, childhood apraxia of speech, and functional speech sound disorders (FSSD). However, their effectiveness in enhancing speech production remains questionable. Existing literature does not provide sufficient evidence to support or refute NSOME’s use for speech improvement, and from an evidence-based practice (EBP) perspective, the current evidence is weak or of low level of evidence. While theoretical assumptions could justify NSOME use, many researchers challenge these principles.
In our study, we conducted a survey among Slovenian SLPs to examine terminological ambiguities, the prevalence and specifics of NSOME usage—particularly in FSSD therapy—SLPs’ beliefs about their effectiveness, and related dilemmas. We found that Slovenian SLPs use a wide range of terms for NSOME, most frequently speech articulator motor exercises (slo. vaje motorike govoril). This term is broadly defined, encompassing both speech and non-speech exercises. To establish clearer terminology, non-speech oral motor exercises would be a more precise term, as it explicitly refers to motor exercises of the speech articulators without simultaneous phoneme production.
Most SLPs use NSOME in FSSD therapy but are uncertain about their actual effectiveness for acquiring or correcting speech sounds. They emphasize the prudent use of exercises, yet the responses reveal a lack of certainty and/or knowledge about the evidence and underlying mechanisms of NSOME, which would serve as a basis for determining whether the use of a particular exercise is justified and reasonable.The study confirms the need to clarify many dilemmas related to NSOME in Slovenian speech-language pathology. It also provides a basis for further research, additional training for practicing SLPs, and education for future professionals.
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