Vadbeni program za bolnice z rakom dojk : magistrsko delo

Blokar, Barbara (author), Hadžić, Vedran (mentor), Pori, Primož (comentor)

Bolezen rak je eden glavnih vzrokov smrti v državah po vsem svetu. Strokovnjaki pričakujejo, da se bo breme zaradi omenjene bolezni v smislu pojavnosti in umrljivosti še povečevala, zaradi daljše pričakovane življenjske dobe in življenjskega sloga, ki povečuje tveganje za nastanek raka (Fahad Ullah, 2019). Evropski parlament (2022) poroča, da je rak dojk z 12,1 % pojavnosti najpogostejši rak v Evropi. Glede smrtnosti pa je rak dojk s 7,2 % na tretjem mestu. Prav zaradi omenjenih številk, ki so zaskrbljujoče, je boj proti raku ena od prednostnih nalog Evropske unije, saj le-ta vlaga v različne dejavnosti, med katerimi so klinični preizkusi, programi usposabljanja in raziskovalni projekti. Mednarodna agencija za raziskave raka (IARC) ocenjuje, da je kar 25 % primerov raka na svetu posledica prekomerne telesne teže in sedečega načina življenja. Prav zaradi omenjenega se vse večji poudarek daje telesni dejavnosti, ki prinaša številne pozitivne lastnosti. Vpliva na dobro počutje in zdravje ljudi ter je povezana z manjšim tveganjem za smrtnost. V zadnjih letih se pojavlja tudi vse več dokazov, da telesna dejavnost preventivno vpliva na tveganje za nastanek raka (Idorn in Straten, 2017). Stopnja preživelih zaradi raka na dojkah se vedno bolj izboljšuje, zato se naraščajoča populacija preživelih sooča s številnimi fizičnimi, psihološkimi in socialnimi učinki zdravljenja, ki vplivajo na njihovo zdravje in kakovost življenja nasploh. V zadnjih letih se telesna dejavnost vse bolj prepoznava kot pomembno orodje za reševanje omenjenih težav preživelih žensk. Vse več je dokazov, ki govorijo telesni dejavnosti v prid, saj poročajo o njenih pozitivnih učinkih na izboljšanje kakovosti življenja, ravni telesne pripravljenosti, indeksa telesne mase (ITM) in hormonskega profila pri preživelih bolnicah z rakom dojk (Wang idr., 2022). V Sloveniji je bilo še do nedavnega izjemno malo oziroma skoraj nič ponudbe specifičnih vadbenih programov, ki bi bili namenjeni bolnicam z rakom dojk. Prav zaradi omenjenega sem sama z ustrezno analizo potreb, sodelovanjem z zdravstvenimi strokovnjaki, z lastnimi predhodnimi izkušnjami, ki sem jih pridobila z vodenjem vadbe za bolnice z rakom dojk, s prilagoditvijo programa, z izbiro primerne vadbe in promocijo zdravega načina življenja oblikovala učinkovit vadbeni program za bolnice z rakom dojk v Sloveniji. Vadbeni program, ki bo vsem bolnicam prosto dostopen na spletni strani, prispeva k izboljšanju telesnih in duševnih tegob ter kakovosti življenja bolnic v času zdravljenja in po njem.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: rak dojk, telesna dejavnost, vadbeni program, rehabilitacija
• Work type: Master's thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.09 - Master's Thesis
• Organization: FŠ - Faculty of Sport
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168869
• COBISS.SI-ID: 239856899
• Publication date in RUL: 05.05.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Exercise programme for breast cancer patients

Abstract

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in countries around the world. Experts expect the burden of the disease to continue to increase in terms of incidence and mortality, due to longer life expectancy and lifestyles that increase the risk of cancer (Fahad Ullah, 2019). According to the European Parliament (2022), breast cancer is the most common cancer in Europe, with an incidence of 12.1%. In terms of mortality, breast cancer is the third most common cancer in Europe, with a mortality rate of 7.2%. It is precisely because of these worrying figures that the fight against cancer is a priority for the European Union, which is investing in various activities, including clinical trials, training programmes and research projects. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) estimates that 25% of cancer cases worldwide are caused by overweight and sedentary lifestyles. This is why there is an increasing emphasis on physical activity, which has many positive benefits. It has an impact on people's well-being and health and is associated with a lower risk of mortality. In recent years, there is also growing evidence that physical activity has a preventive effect on cancer risk (Idorn and Straten, 2017). As breast cancer survival rates continue to improve, the growing population of survivors is facing many physical, psychological and social effects of treatment that affect their health and quality of life in general. In recent years, physical activity has been increasingly recognised as an important tool to address these issues for female survivors. There is a growing body of evidence in favour of physical activity, reporting its positive effects on improving quality of life, fitness levels, body mass index (BMI) and hormonal profile in breast cancer survivors (Wang et al., 2022). Until recently, there were very few, if any, specific exercise programmes for breast cancer patients in Slovenia. It is for this reason that I have developed an effective exercise programme for breast cancer patients in Slovenia through a proper needs analysis, cooperation with health professionals, my own previous experience of leading exercise classes for breast cancer patients, adapting the programme, selecting suitable exercise and promoting a healthy lifestyle. The exercise programme, which will be freely available to all patients on the website, contributes to improving physical and mental well-being and quality of life for patients during and after treatment.

• Keywords: breast cancer, physical activity, exercise programme, rehabilitation