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Characterization of structural changes in batteries by X-ray Raman and emission spectroscopy
ID Rajh, Ava (Author), ID Kavčič, Matjaž (Mentor) More about this mentor... This link opens in a new window

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Abstract
This thesis presents the development and application of novel characterization methodologies for studying structural and chemical changes in next generation battery technologies. This research focuses on the development and application of photon-in/photon-out spectroscopies, in particular X-ray Raman Scattering (XRS) and Laboratory X-ray Emission Spectroscopy (XES), which are used to circumvent certain limitations of the conventional X-ray absorption spectroscopy. XRS is a non-resonant inelastic photon scattering technique that overcomes the shallow probing depth limitations of traditional soft X-ray methods, enabling analysis of light elements in bulk samples and operando measurements. It was implemented for the study of structural changes in carbon anodes during Na-ion battery discharge/charge cycle and to characterize the electrochemical processes in metal-organic batteries. By analyzing the C K-edges, XRS provided information about structural changes in the hard carbon anodes as a result of initial carbonization temperature and Na insertion during cycling. The study of Na K-edges was used for characterization of Na species in the solid electrolyte interface. In the study of metal-organic batteries, XRS was used to record O K-edge spectra to monitor changes in the amount of carbonyl bonds in samples and to provide insight into the redox mechanism and reaction intermediates within the organic cathodes. The interpretation of experimental results was supported by density functional theory calculations of XAS spectra of target elements. XES enables the use of laboratory excitation sources and, when paired with high-resolution crystal Bragg spectrometers, it can achieve chemical characterization comparable to the conventional synchrotron-based XAS. Such laboratory approach improves accessibility of advanced elemental characterization in battery analysis. The feasibility of XES was demonstrated by tracking the chemical state of sulfur and characterizing sulfur species during the charge/discharge cycles of Li-S batteries.

Language:English
Keywords:X-ray Raman scattering, X-ray emission spectroscopy, density functional theory, next generation batteries
Work type:Doctoral dissertation
Typology:2.08 - Doctoral Dissertation
Organization:FMF - Faculty of Mathematics and Physics
Year:2025
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-168419 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:229418499 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:12.04.2025
Views:476
Downloads:125
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Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Karakterizacija strukturnih sprememb v baterijah z ramansko in emisijsko spektrometrijo rentgenskih žarkov
Abstract:
V disertaciji predstavljam razvoj in uporabo naprednih rentgenskih spektroskopskih metod za preučevanje strukturnih in kemijskih sprememb v novi generaciji baterijskih sistemov. Osredotočila sem se na razvoj in uporabo spektroskopij foton-noter/foton-ven, in sicer predvsem na rentgensko Ramansko sipanje (XRS) in laboratorijsko rentgensko emisijsko spektroskopijo (XES), ki presežeta nekatere omejitve konvencionalne rentgenske absorpcijske spektroskopije. XRS je neresonančno neelastično sipanje fotona, ki odpravlja omejitev majhne vdorne globine rentgenskih žarkov z energijo v območju mehke rentgenske svetlobe in omogoča analizo lahkih elementov v razsežnih vzorcih. Uporabila sem jo za preučevanje strukturnih sprememb v ogljikovih anodah med ciklom praznjenja/polnjenja Na-ionskih baterij in za karakterizacijo elektrokemijskih procesov v kovinsko-organskih baterijah. Z analizo spektra XRS na robu K v ogljiku sem določila strukturne spremembe v anodah iz trdega ogljika, ki so posledica začetne temperature karbonizacije in vstavljanja Na v C strukturo med baterijskim ciklom. Izmerjene spektre robov K na Na sem uporabila za karakterizacijo vezave natrija v trdo elektronsko pregrado. Pri raziskavah kovinsko organskih baterij sem uporabila XRS za meritve absorpcijskega roba K v kisiku, ki omogoča spremljanje količine karbonilnih vezi v vzorcih in s tem karakterizacijo procesa redukcije kisika. Eksperimentalne rezultate sem podprla z izračuni absorpcijskih spektrov tarčnih elementov v okviru teorije gostotnih funkcionalov. XES omogoča uporabo laboratorijskih virov vzbujanja in v kombinaciji z visoko ločljivimi Braggovimi kristalnimi spektrometri določitev kemijskega stanja elementa, ki je po natančnosti primerljiva s konvencionalno sinhrotronsko metodo XAS. XES sem uporabila za karakterizacijo elektrokemijskih procesov v bateriji Li-S. S pomočjo izmerjenih spektrov K\(\beta\) sem sledila redukciji elementarnega žvepla v vmesne produkte preko večih ciklov polnjenja in praznjenja baterije.

Keywords:rentgensko ramansko sipanje, rentgenska emisijska spektroskopija, teorija gostotnih funkcionalov, baterije naslednje generacije

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