Challenges and contribution of electrochemical driven by-products in tannery wastewater treatment : optimization, detection and distribution of reactive oxidation species

Singh, Seema (author), Sharma, Pinki (author), Pandey, Agrima (author), Garg, Manoj Chandra (author), Lo, Shang-Lien (author), Kumar, Praveen (author)

Electrochemical oxidation (EO) is an excellent approach for the treatment of persistent pollutant from synthesistic and real wastewater than conventional wastewater treatment processes. Chloride and sulfate salts generally used and present in natural wastewater that affect the EO process. In this research, the effect of electrolyte concentration on active sulfate (SO$_4^{2⁻}$) species (HSO$_4^⁻$, SO$_4^{•⁻}$ and S$_2$O$_8^{2⁻}$) formation, chlorinated byproducts distribution (ClO$_4^−$, ClO$_3^−$, Cl$_2$), and tannery effluent degradation have been examined while using graphite electrodes. A full factorial design was used to optimize the three independent factors, namely: initial pH (pH$_o$): 3–11, current (I): 1–3 A, and electrolysis time (t): 20–110 min for the responses of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and chromium (Cr) removal. Under the optimum treatment conditions of 3 A current, 90 min electrolysis time, 600 mg L$^{−1}$ Na$_2$SO$_4$ concentration and pH$_o$ of 7, more than 88% COD and 90% Cr removal were achieved under optimal conditions. Qualitative and quantitative analysis confirmed the formation and distribution of various reactive oxidation species and a plausible mechanism was discussed. EO processes yielded almost total mineralization due to the synergistic action of generated active chlorine, sulfate species and hydroxyl radicals. A relatively higher amount of ClO$_3$$^⁻$ was occurred that sign the efficient $^•$OH generation in sulfate mediated EO because the ClO$_3$$^⁻$ formation is certainly associated to $^•$OH concentration. Overall results demonstrate that sulfate enriched electrolyte systems are helpful for EO of hazardous organic pollutants.

• Language: English
• Keywords: synthetic tannery wastewater, hydroxyl, $^•$OH, sulfate, SO$_4^{2•-}$, electrochemical oxidation, reactive oxidation species
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FKKT - Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 10 str.
• Numbering: Vol. 376, art. 124381
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168397
• UDC: 628.349:66.087.3
• ISSN on article: 1095-8630
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2025.124381
• COBISS.SI-ID: 232135683
• Publication date in RUL: 11.04.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: Journal of environmental management
• Publisher: Elsevier
• ISSN: 1095-8630
• COBISS.SI-ID: 107255555

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: sintetične usnjarske odpadne vode, hidroksilna skupina, sulfati, elektrokemijska oksidacija, reaktivne oksidacijske skupine