Climatological reference stations : definitions and requirements

Merlone, Andrea (author), Begeš, Gaber (author), Bottacin, Alberto (author), Brunet, Manola (author), Gilabert, Alba (author), Groselj, Drago (author), Harper, Andrew (author), Hechler, Peer (author), Ivanov, Mirjana (author), Musacchio, Chiara (author), Trewin, Blair (author), Wright, William (author)

Ground-based stations are one of many observing systems contributing to the generation of data to evaluate climate trends and variations locally and globally. Networks of stations are made of various numbers of observing sites, equipped with different typologies and varieties of instruments, differently managed and maintained. Among such networks a limited number of stations are required as a reference, to provide top quality traceable measurements and as the top level of a tiered approach; it is these stations which are here designated as Climatological Reference Stations (CRS). At present, there is no agreed definition of the key instrumental and technical features of a CRS, nor are there defined reference measurement procedures. This leads to the situation of a multitude of approaches among different National Meteorological and Hydrological Services (NMHSs), research institutes and other agencies that reduces the comparability of results in space and in time. The lack of CRSs, moreover, is a major contributor to the huge efforts required to harmonize data and detect biases locally, regionally and globally, as in their absence there is a need to fall back on other stations which are more likely to have such biases. This article reports on the outcomes of the work of a group of experts, nominated by the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Commission for Climatology (CCI), tasked to promote a standardized and agreed concept about the definitions, specifications and technical characteristics of climate reference data and stations for ground-based networks, with the addition of a practical example of climatological reference station installed in the framework of an European funded project, with the purpose of comparing and confirming the prescribed characteristics and guidance, with respect to practical field use and available instrumentation. The adoption of a unique definition and prescription on the technical setup, measurement procedures and uncertainty evaluation will substantially progress towards a common approach in detecting climate trends. This will improve data comparability in space and time and allow a more robust understanding of climate evolution locally and globally.

• Language: English
• Keywords: climate reference data, climate reference stations, climatology, instrumentation, meteorological stations, metrology, uncertainty
• Work type: Article
• Typology: 1.01 - Original Scientific Article
• Organization: FE - Faculty of Electrical Engineering
• Publication status: Published
• Publication version: Version of Record
• Year: 2024
• Number of pages: Str. 1710-1724
• Numbering: Vol. 44, iss. 5
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168362
• UDC: 551.58
• ISSN on article: 1097-0088
• DOI: 10.1002/joc.8406
• COBISS.SI-ID: 232075523
• Publication date in RUL: 10.04.2025

Record is a part of a journal

• Title: International journal of climatology
• Shortened title: Int. j. climatol.
• Publisher: Royal Meteorological Society, John Wiley & Sons
• ISSN: 1097-0088
• COBISS.SI-ID: 517736985

Licences

• License: CC BY 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International
• Link: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
• Description: This is the standard Creative Commons license that gives others maximum freedom to do what they want with the work as long as they credit the author.

Secondary language

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: referenčna meteorološka postaja, klimatski referenčni podatki, klimatologija, instrumentacija, meteorološka postaja, metrologija, negotovost

Projects

• Funder: EC - European Commission
• Funding programme: European Metrology Programme for Innovation and Research
• Project number: 19SIP03
• Name: Climate Reference Station
• Acronym: CRS