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To use AI or not to use AI? : autonomous weapon systems and their complicated relationship with the right to life
ID Shany, Yuval (Author)

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Abstract
The increased prevalence of AI technology developed or adapted for military use raises difficult questions about the compatibility of this new technology with international law in general, and international human rights law (IHRL) in particular. The Human Rights Committee, the expert body entrusted with monitoring the application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, expressed its view in 2018 on the relationship between the emergence of new military AI and respect for the right to life. The article reviews the terms of the IHRL debate surrounding the introduction of AI technology into military contexts and its relationship to the right to life. Section one briefly reviews some actual and potential applications of AI in military contexts. Section two deals with three principal objections to introducing military AI to battlefield environments: the capacity of autonomous or semi-autonomous AI systems to properly apply international humanitarian law (IHL), concerns about de facto lowering of standards of humanitarian protection, and the ethical and legal implications of transferring certain life-and-death decisions from humans to machines. Section three reviews, in light of these three principled objections, specific proposals by the ICRC to limit the use of AI in military contexts (limiting the scope and manner of use of autonomous weapon systems, and excluding unpredictable and lethal systems). Section four reviews the main issues discussed in this article from the vantage point of the right to life under IHRL, as elaborated in General Comment No. 36.

Language:English
Keywords:autonomous weapon systems, autonomous weapon systems, right to life, international humanitarian law, human dignity, accountability, transparency, meaningful human control, ICRC
Work type:Article
Typology:1.01 - Original Scientific Article
Organization:PF - Faculty of Law
Publication status:Published
Publication version:Version of Record
Year:2024
Number of pages:Str. 167-188, 349-350
Numbering:Letn. 84
PID:20.500.12556/RUL-168340 This link opens in a new window
UDC:341.3:342.7:004.8
ISSN on article:1854-3839
DOI:10.51940/2024.1.167-188 This link opens in a new window
COBISS.SI-ID:225958403 This link opens in a new window
Publication date in RUL:09.04.2025
Views:744
Downloads:254
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Record is a part of a journal

Title:Zbornik znanstvenih razprav
Shortened title:Zb. znan. razpr.
Publisher:Pravna fakulteta
ISSN:1854-3839
COBISS.SI-ID:223437312 This link opens in a new window

Licences

License:CC BY-ND 4.0, Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International
Link:http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
Description:Under the NoDerivatives Creative Commons license one can take a work released under this license and re-distribute it, but it cannot be shared with others in adapted form, and credit must be provided to the author.

Secondary language

Language:Slovenian
Title:Uporabljati umetno inteligenco ali ne? : avtonomni orožni sistemi in njihov zapleteno razmerje s pravico do življenja
Abstract:
Razširjenost tehnologij umetne inteligence, razvite ali prilagojene za vojaško uporabo, odpira zahtevna vprašanja o skladnosti teh novih tehnologij z mednarodnim pravom nasploh ter še zlasti z mednarodnim pravom človekovih pravic. Odbor za človekove pravice, strokovno telo, ki je zadolženo za spremljanje izvajanja Mednarodnega pakta o državljanskih in političnih pravicah, je leta 2018 podal svoje mnenje o razmerju med pojavom nove vojaške umetne inteligence in spoštovanjem pravice do življenja. Članek preučuje razprave v okviru mednarodnega prava človekovih pravic v zvezi z uvajanjem tehnologij umetne inteligence v vojaške kontekste in njihovim razmerjem s pravico do življenja. V prvem delu na kratko predstavi nekatere dejanske in možne uporabe umetne inteligence v vojaških okoljih. V drugem delu obravnava tri glavne ugovore zoper uvajanje umetne inteligence v bojna območja: zmožnost avtonomnih ali polavtonomnih sistemov umetne inteligence, da delujejo skladno s pravili mednarodnega humanitarnega prava, pomisleke glede dejanskega znižanja standardov humanitarne zaščite ter etične in pravne posledice prenosa nekaterih odločitev o življenju ali smrti z ljudi na stroje. V tretjem delu – ob upoštevanju teh treh načelnih ugovorov – avtor preuči konkretne predloge Mednarodnega odbora Rdečega križa za omejitev uporabe umetne inteligence v vojaških okoljih (omejitev področja in načina uporabe avtonomnih orožnih sistemov ter izključitev nepredvidljivih in smrtonosnih sistemov). V četrtem delu so glavna vprašanja, ki jih obravnava ta članek, preučena z vidika pravice do življenja po mednarodnem pravu človekovih pravic, kot jo pojasnjuje Splošni komentar št. 36.

Keywords:avtonomni orožni sistemi, pravica do življenja, mednarodno humanitarno pravo, človekovo dostojanstvo, odgovornost, preglednost, smiselni človeški nadzor, Mednarodni odbor Rdečega križa, vojaška umetna inteligenca

Projects

Funder:ERC - European Research Council
Project number:101054745
Name:Three Generations of Digital Human Rights
Acronym:DigitalHRGeneration3

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