Učinkovitost vadbenih programov na motorične sposobnosti, dejavnosti in sodelovanje pri otrocih z razvojno motnjo koordinacije – pregled literature : diplomsko delo

Urankar, Lucija (author), Kovačič, Tine (mentor), Grapar Žargi, Tina (reviewer)

Uvod: Razvojna motnja koordinacije (RMK) je pogosta in kronična razvojno-nevrološka motnja, pri kateri pride do okvare motoričnih spretnosti in vpliva na vsakodnevne dejavnosti posameznika. Prepoznamo jo pri 5–8 % otrok, najpogosteje med šestim in 12. letom starosti. Obravnava teh otrok naj bo celostna, cilj zdravljenja pa doseči najboljšo možno motorično zmogljivost, ki jo bo otrok lahko prenesel v dejavnosti vsakdana. Namen: Namen diplomskega dela je bil s pregledom znanstvene in strokovne literature ugotoviti, kolikšen je učinek različnih vadbenih programov na motorične sposobnosti, dejavnosti in sodelovanje, ki so oslabljeni pri otrocih z RMK. Metode dela: Literaturo smo iskali v podatkovnih bazah PEDro, PubMed ter ScienceDirect. Za iskanje smo uporabili kombinacije ključnih besed »DCD« AND »physical activity«, »DCD« AND »physiotherapy«, »DCD« AND »participation« in »DCD« AND »motor learning«. Rezultati: V pregled literature smo na podlagi vključitvenih in izključitvenih meril vključili šest raziskav, ki so bile objavljene med letoma 2016 in 2022 in so ocenjevale učinkovitost različnih vadbenih programov. Ena raziskava je ocenjevala vadbo z uporabo navidezne resničnosti, ena tai chi, tri so ocenjevale v ravnotežje usmerjeno vadbo in tri vadbo za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti. Vadba z uporabo navidezne resničnosti se je deloma izkazala za učinkovito in prav tako izolirana vadba za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti ter tai chi. Največ pozitivnih rezultatov pa je bilo opaženih pri v funkcijo usmerjeni vadbi, kombinirani z vadbo za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti. Razprava in zaključek: Na podlagi kvalitativne analize rezultatov v pregled vključenih raziskav smo ugotavljali različno učinkovitost med posameznimi programi. Prav tako smo ugotovili, da je za otroke z RMK najučinkovitejša funkcionalna vadba, ker je ta pristop najbližji dejavnostim, ki jih je treba pri RMK izboljšati. Pomembna je tudi vadba za izboljšanje mišične zmogljivosti, saj imajo ti otroci večinoma oslabljene mišice. Kot ključno omejitev v vseh raziskavah bi izpostavili prekratko trajanje vadbenih programov, saj otroci z RMK potrebujejo daljši čas za napredek. V prihodnje bi randomizirane nadzorovane raziskave morale vključevati daljše vadbene programe, večje vzorce in standardizirane metode merjenja učinkovitosti. Z razvijanjem daljših programov in z vključitvijo funkcionalne vadbe v šolske dejavnosti bi lahko bistveno pripomogli k motoričnem razvoju otrok z RMK.

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: diplomska dela, fizioterapija, razvojna motnja koordinacije, vadbeni programi, motorične sposobnosti
• Work type: Bachelor thesis/paper
• Typology: 2.11 - Undergraduate Thesis
• Organization: ZF - Faculty of Health Sciences
• Place of publishing: Ljubljana
• Publisher: [L. Urankar]
• Year: 2025
• Number of pages: 32 str.
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168125
• UDC: 615.8
• COBISS.SI-ID: 230743043
• Publication date in RUL: 29.03.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Efficiency of exercise programs on motor skills, activities and participation in children with developmental coordination disorder – literature review : diploma work

Abstract

Introduction: developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is a common and chronic neurodevelopmental disorder that impairs motor skills and affects the individual's daily activities. It is recognized in 5–8% of children, most often between the ages of 6 and 12. The treatment of these children should be holistic, and the goal of treatment should be to achieve the best possible motor performance that the child will be able to transfer to everyday activities. Purpose: the purpose of the thesis was to review the scientific and professional literature to determine the effect of various exercise programs on motor skills, activities and participation that are impaired in children with DCD. Methods: literature was searched in PEDro, PubMed and ScienceDirect databases. For the search, we used the key word combinations "DCD" AND "physical activity", "DCD" AND "physiotherapy", »DCD« AND »participation« and "DCD" AND "motor learning". Results: based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included six studies which were published between 2016 and 2022 and evaluated the efficiency of various exercise programs. One study evaluated virtual reality training, one tai chi, three evaluated balance-oriented training, and three training to improve muscle capacity. Virtual reality training was partially effective, as was isolated training to improve muscle capacity and tai chi. However, the most positive results were observed with balance-oriented training combined with training to improve muscle capacity. Discussion and conclusion: based on the qualitative analysis of the results of the studies included in the review, we found different efficiency between individual programs. We also found that functional exercise is the most effective for children with DCD, because this approach is closest to the activities that need to be improved in DCD. Exercise to improve muscle capacity is also important, as these children mostly have weakened muscles. A key limitation in all studies would be the too short duration of exercise programs, as children with DCD need a longer time to progress. In the future, randomized controlled trials should include longer exercise programs, larger samples and standardized methods of measuring efficiency. By developing longer programs and incorporating functional exercise into school activities, we could significantly contribute to the motor development of children with DCD.

• Keywords: diploma theses, physiotherapy, developmental coordination disorder, exercise programs, motor skills