Dejavniki tveganja za mišično-skeletne poškodbe in pretreniranost pri mladi športno dejavni populaciji

Mikša Podobnik, Maja (author), Bilban, Marjan (mentor), Hadžić, Vedran (comentor)

Ozadje: študenti fakultet športnih smeri (SPS) so bolj dovzetni za mišično-skeletne poškodbe kot njihovi vrstniki iz mlade, telesno dejavne populacije. Zaradi učnega načrta, ki vsebuje veliko praktičnega pouka in posledičnih telesnih obremenitev, so SPS zelo telesno dejavni, kar lahko povzroči večjo razširjenost poškodb in pretreniranosti ter lahko privede do nemožnosti opravljanja izpitov, podaljšanja časa študija, ne diplomiranja v predvidenem roku ter dolgotrajne slabše delovne sposobnosti in delazmožnosti. Namen dela in hipoteze: Z namenom prepoznavanja dejavnikov tveganja za mišično-skeletne poškodbe med mlado telesno dejavno populacijo je bil cilj oceniti razmerje med tveganjem za poškodbe in potencialnimi parametri pretreniranosti (npr. raven feritina in železa, količina spanca) ter parametri gibalnih sposobnosti (npr. mišična moč, navpični skok). Metode: Pred začetkom raziskave so udeleženci (n=54) opravili testiranje telesne sposobnosti in oddali vzorce krvi. Nato smo spremljali njihove poškodbe in obremenitve v obdobju 10 tednov v času zimskega semestra. Opazovani izid so bile bolečine v posameznih delih telesa. Pojavnost opazovanega izida je bila beležena z vprašalnikom Oslo Sports Trauma Research Centre Overuse Injury Questionnaire na tedenski bazi. Povezanost med pojavom bolečin in možnimi pojasnjevalnimi dejavniki – morebitnimi dejavniki pretreniranosti (npr. raven železa in feritina, količina spanca) in dejavniki gibalnih sposobnosti (npr. mišična moč, vertikalni skok) – smo ocenili z uporabo multiple binarne logistične regresije. Rezultati: Tekom 10 tedenskega prospektivnega spremljanja so SPS najpogosteje poročali o bolečinah v spodnjem delu hrbta (BSH), čemur sledijo težave s koleni. Iz skupine pojasnjevalnih dejavnikov za BSH sta bila v končni regresijski model vključena samo dva statistično značilna dejavnika, in sicer: nizka raven feritina (OR=8,70; p=0,008) in anamneza predhodne BSH (OR=8,69; p=0,006). Študenti z višjim tveganjem za težave s kolenom so bili tisti z večjo močjo dorzalnih upogibalk levo (RO=1,024; p=0,043) in z več urami trenažnih obremenitev (RO=1,036; p=0,026). Sklepi: Študente je treba ozaveščati glede pomembnosti preprečevanja MSP. Pridobljeni podatki lahko služijo kot izhodišče za izdelavo celostne preventive MSP (preventivni zdravstveni pregledi vključno s preiskavami krvi in testi sposobnosti; preventivna vadba).

• Language: Slovenian
• Keywords: študenti, mišično-skeletne poškodbe, feritin, mišična moč, preventiva.
• Work type: Doctoral dissertation
• Organization: MF - Faculty of Medicine
• Year: 2025
• PID: 20.500.12556/RUL-168119
• Publication date in RUL: 29.03.2025

Secondary language

• Language: English
• Title: Risk factors for musculoskeletal injuries and overtraining in young physically active population

Abstract

Background. Sports science students (SPS) are more susceptible to musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries than a young, physically active population. Due to the curriculum training load, students are physically very active which can lead to higher prevalence of injuries and overtraining and consequently to impossibility of taking exams, prolonged studying, non graduating and long term impaired workability. Aim and hypotheses. In order to identify risk factors for MSK injuries among a young physically active population, the aim was to assess the relationship between injury risk and potential parameters of overtraining (e.g. ferritin and iron levels, amount of sleep) and ability parameters (e.g. muscle strength, vertical jump). Methods. In our prospective cohort study we have evaluated intrinsic risk factors for MSK injuries on 54 sport science students that were followed up during first study semester (10 weeks) with OSTRC questionnaire on a weekly basis. At the beginning physical performance testing battery was conducted and blood samples were taken. The association between the occurrence of pain and possible explanatory factors - possible factors of overtraining (e.g. iron and ferritin level, amount of sleep) and factors of movement abilities (e.g. muscle strength, vertical jump) - was assessed using multiple binary logistic regression. Results. During the 10-week prospective follow-up, SPS most frequently reported about low back pain (LBP), followed by knee problems. From the group of explanatory factors for LBP, only two were included in the final model as statistically significant: low ferritin level (OR=8.70; p=0.008) and history of previous BSH (OR=8.69; p=0.006) meant greater probability of occurrence of LBP. Students with a higher risk of knee problems were those with greater plantar left dorsiflexor strength (RO=1.024; p=0.043) and with more hours of training loads (RO=1.036; p=0.026). Conclusion. Awareness should be raised among the students about the importance of a prevention of MSK injury. The data obtained can serve as a starting point for a comprehensive MSKI prevention (preventive medical examinations including blood tests and ability tests; preventive exercise).

• Keywords: physical education students, musculoskeletal injuries, ferritin, muscle strength, prevention.